使用路由器作流量檢測(cè)的幾種方法
2024-09-12 21:53:33
供稿：網(wǎng)友
一、ip accounting
1、配置方法
router(config)#int s 0/0
router(config-if)#ip accounting output-packets
router#sh ip accounting output-packets
Source Destination Packets Bytes
192.1.1.110 192.1.1.97 5 500
172.17.246. 128 192.1.1.110 8 704
Accounting data age is 2d23h
或者
router(config)#int s 0/0
router(config-if)#ip accounting access-violations
router#sh ip accounting [checkpoint] access-violations
Source Destination Packets Bytes ACL
192.1.1.110 224.0.0.5 46 3128 19
Accounting data age is 7
2、說(shuō)明
此方法如果在路由器負(fù)載特大的時(shí)候請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎使用，因其會(huì)使系統(tǒng)性能下降；基于地址對(duì)的字節(jié)數(shù)量及數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)；通常只支持outbound的數(shù)據(jù)包，及被ACL拒絕的數(shù)據(jù)包（支持IN 和 OUT方向的ACL）；只統(tǒng)計(jì)穿越路由器的流量，源或目的是該路由器的數(shù)據(jù)包不做統(tǒng)計(jì)；支持所有的switching path，除了Autonomous Switching；可以通過(guò)SNMP來(lái)訪問(wèn)統(tǒng)計(jì)值，MIB是OLD-CISCO-IP-MIB, lipAccountingTable；ip accounting還支持其他的監(jiān)測(cè)方式，如基于tos,mac-address等。
二、netflow
1、配置方法
router (config-if)#ip route-cache flow
router (config)#ip flow-export destination 172.17.246.225 9996
router (config)#ip flow-export version 5
Optional configuration
router (config)#ip flow-export source loopback 0
router (config)#ip flow-cache entries <1024-524288>
router (config)#ip flow-cache timeout
sh ip cache flow
IP packet size distribution (132429191 total packets):
1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480
.000 .191 .024 .009 .010 .006 .005 .008 .003 .005 .003 .003 .002 .001 .001
512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608
.001 .002 .107 .032 .578 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
IP Flow Switching Cache, 278544 bytes
33 active, 4063 inactive, 7975259 added
104834714 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures
Active flows timeout in 30 minutes
Inactive flows timeout in 15 seconds
last clearing of statistics never
Protocol Total Flows Packets Bytes Packets Active(Sec) Idle(Sec)
-------- Flows /Sec /Flow /Pkt /Sec /Flow /Flow
TCP-Telnet 25378 0.0 12 652 0.0 22.9 15.2
TCP-FTP 432435 0.1 4 59 0.4 1.2 2.7
TCP-FTPD 28670 0.0 212 1397 1.4 8.2 1.6
TCP-WWW 4682530 1.0 15 927 16.4 2.4 4.6
2、說(shuō)明
統(tǒng)計(jì)基于流（包括地址對(duì)、端口號(hào)、協(xié)議類型等）的數(shù)據(jù)量；只支持inbound的流量；只支持單播；只能在主端口配置；需要和cef或fast switching一起使用；對(duì)路由器性能有影響。
10,000 active flows: < 4% of additional CPU utilization
