1、mysqld
啟動mysql服務(wù)器: ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root客戶端連接: mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 或 mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock
2、mysqld_safe
啟動mysql服務(wù)器: ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root &客戶端連接: mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 或 mysql -S /tm/mysql.sock
3、mysql.server
cp -v /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/chkconfig --add mysql.server啟動mysql服務(wù)器:service mysql.server {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}客戶端連接: 同1、24、mysqld_multi
mkdir $MYSQL_BASE/data2cat <<-EOF>> /etc/my.cnf[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = mysqladminpassword = mysqladmin[mysqld3306]port = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sockpid-file = /tmp/mysql3306.pidskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8Mbasedir = /usr/local/mysqldatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data[mysqld3307]port = 3307socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sockpid-file = /tmp/mysql3307.pidskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8Mbasedir = /usr/local/mysqldatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2EOF#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sockmysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'mysqladmin'@'localhost' identified by 'mysqladmin' with grant option;#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sockmysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'mysqladmin'@'localhost' identified by 'mysqladmin' with grant option;啟動mysql服務(wù)器:./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start 3306-3307關(guān)閉mysql服務(wù)器:mysqladmin shutdown
1. windows下：
啟動： mysqld --console 或 net start mysql關(guān)閉： mysqladmin -u root shutdown 或 net stop mysql
linux下:
啟動： service mysql start停止: service mysql stop重啟服務(wù): service mysql restart
1. 新建用戶: 創(chuàng)建一個名為: buff，密碼為: buff的用戶
// root 用戶登陸 MySQLmysql -uroot -pEnter password:// 新建用戶mysql>insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values("localhost","buff",password("buff"));// 刷新系統(tǒng)權(quán)限表mysql>flush privileges;登錄測試
mysql>exit// 用戶 buff 登陸 MySQLmysql -ubuff -pEnter password:mysql>// 說明新建的用戶buff登錄成功
用戶授權(quán)
// root 用戶登陸 MySQLmysql -uroot -pEnter password:// 為用戶 buff 創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫 bluebuffmysql>create database bluebuff;// 授權(quán)用戶 buff 擁有數(shù)據(jù)庫 bluebuff 的所有權(quán)限mysql>grant all privileges on bluebuff.* to buff@localhost identified by 'buff';mysql>flush privileges;
登錄測試
// 用戶 buff 登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql -ubuff -pEnter privileges:// 顯示數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql>show databases;
結(jié)果如下圖所示，說明為用戶 buff 授權(quán)成功
5、 修改用戶 buff 的密碼
// root 用戶登陸 MySQLmysql -uroot -pEnter password:// 修改用戶 buff 的密碼mysql>update table mysql.user set password=password('buffer') where User='buff' and Host='localhost';mysql>flush privileges;6、 刪除用戶
// root 用戶登陸 MySQLmysql -uroot -pEnter password:// 刪除用戶 buffmysql>delete from mysql.user where User = 'buff' and Host = 'localhost';mysql>flush privileges;
7、 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql>drop database bluebuff;
在mysql中，授予用戶的權(quán)限可能分全局層級權(quán)限、數(shù)據(jù)庫層級權(quán)限、表層級別權(quán)限、列層級別權(quán)限、子程序?qū)蛹墮?quán)限
1. 全局層級：
全局權(quán)限適用于一個給定服務(wù)器中的所有數(shù)據(jù)庫。這些權(quán)限存儲在mysql.user表中。GRANT ALL ON *.*和REVOKE ALL ON *.*只授予和撤銷全局權(quán)限。例：a. 創(chuàng)建一個測試賬號test，授予全局層級的權(quán)限mysql> grant select,insert on *.* to test@'%' identified by 'test';mysql> flush privileges;b. 查詢授予test的權(quán)限show grants for test;select * from mysql.user where user='test'/G;
2 、 數(shù)據(jù)庫層級：
數(shù)據(jù)庫權(quán)限適用于一個給定數(shù)據(jù)庫中的所有目標。這些權(quán)限存儲在mysql.db和mysql.host表中。GRANT ALL ON db_name.*和REVOKE ALL ON db_name.*只授予和撤銷數(shù)據(jù)庫權(quán)限例：a. 創(chuàng)建一個測試賬號test，授予數(shù)據(jù)庫層級的權(quán)限drop user test;grant select,insert,update,delete on MyDB.* to test@'%' identified by 'test';b. 查詢授予test的權(quán)限select * from mysql.user where user='test'/G; --可以看到無任何授權(quán)select * from mysql.db where user='test'/G;show grants for test;
3、 表層級：
表權(quán)限適用于一個給定表中的所有列。這些權(quán)限存儲在mysql.tables_priv表中。GRANT ALL ON db_name.tbl_name和REVOKE ALL ON db_name.tbl_name只授予和撤銷表權(quán)限。例：a. 創(chuàng)建一個測試賬號test，授予表層級的權(quán)限drop user test;flush privileges;grant all on MyDB.kkk to test@'%' identified by 'test';b. 查詢授予test的權(quán)限show grants for test; select * from mysql.tables_priv/G;
4、 列層級：
列權(quán)限適用于一個給定表中的單一列。這些權(quán)限存儲在mysql.columns_priv表中。當(dāng)使用REVOKE時，您必須指定與被授權(quán)列相同的列。例：a. 創(chuàng)建一個測試賬號test，授予列層級的權(quán)限drop user test;flush privileges;grant select (id, col1) on MyDB.TEST1 to test@'%' identified by 'test';flush privileges;b. 查詢授予test的權(quán)限select * from mysql.columns_priv;show grants for test;
5、 子程序?qū)蛹墸?/strong>
CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE和GRANT權(quán)限適用于已存儲的子程序。這些權(quán)限可以被授予為全局層級和數(shù)據(jù)庫層級。而且，除了CREATE ROUTINE外，這些權(quán)限可以被授予為子程序?qū)蛹?，并存儲在mysql.procs_priv表中。例：a. 創(chuàng)建一個測試賬號test，授予子程序?qū)蛹壍臋?quán)限D(zhuǎn)ROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS PRC_TEST;DELIMITER //CREATE PROCEDURE PRC_TEST()-> BEGIN-> SELECT * FROM kkk;-> END // DELIMITER ;grant execute on MyDB.PRC_TEST to test@'%' identified by 'test';flush privileges;b. 查詢授予test的權(quán)限show grants for test;select * from mysql.procs_priv where User='test';
總結(jié):
1. 如果需要查看用戶被授予的權(quán)限，就需要從這五個層級來查看被授予的權(quán)限。從上到下或從小到上，逐一檢查各個層級被授予的權(quán)限。
2. grant create routine, alter routine, select, create, insert, update, delete, execute on ….
3. 如果客戶端無法連接到服務(wù)器，則查看user表中的host項是否為'%',并且已經(jīng)授權(quán)了
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