這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL備份與恢復之冷備,冷備一般需要定制計劃,比如什么時候做備份,每次對哪些數據進行備份等等,對冷備感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下
用一句話概括冷備,就是把數據庫服務,比如MySQL,Oracle停下來,然后使用拷貝、打包或者壓縮命令對數據目錄進行備份。如果數據出現異常,則可以通過備份數據恢復。冷備一般需要定制計劃,比如什么時候做備份,每次對哪些數據進行備份等等。但是由于這樣的備份占用過多的空間,對大數據量的環境下不一定適合,故生產環境很少使用。
冷備示意圖
冷備實驗
第一步,創建測試數據庫,插入測試數據
- mysql> use larrydb;
- Database changed
- mysql> show tables;
- +-------------------+
- | Tables_in_larrydb |
- +-------------------+
- | access |
- +-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> drop table access;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> clear
- mysql> show tables;
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
- mysql> create table class(
- -> cid int,
- -> cname varchar(30));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> show create table class /G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Table: class
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE `class` (
- `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
- `cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
- mysql> create table stu(
- -> sid int,
- -> sname varchar(30),
- -> cid int) engine=myisam;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show create table stu /G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Table: stu
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` (
- `sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
- `sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
- `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
- ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
- mysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> desc class;
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
- | cname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> desc stu;
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | sid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
- | sname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
- | cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
- +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> select * from stu;
- +------+---------+------+
- | sid | sname | cid |
- +------+---------+------+
- | 1 | larry01 | 1 |
- | 2 | larry02 | 2 |
- +------+---------+------+
第二步,停掉MySQL
- [root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
- Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
第三步,創建備份目錄,并修改擁有者和所屬組
- [root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /databackup
- [root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /databackup/ -R
- [root@serv01 ~]# ll /databackup/ -d
- drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 10 17:46 /databackup/
- [root@serv01 ~]# cd /databackup/
第四步,冷備(使用tar命令)
- [root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvPzf mysql01.tar.gz
第五步,測試冷備的數據是否正常,我們刪除掉data下的所有數據
- [root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
第六步,刪除所有數據后數據庫不能啟動
- [root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
- Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).
第七步,恢復數據(使用tar命令)
- [root@serv01 databackup]# tar -xvPf mysql01.tar.gz
第八步,啟動MySQL,然后登錄MySQL,查看數據是否丟失,如果數據正常代表冷備成功
- [root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
- Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
- [root@serv01 ~]# mysql
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 1
- Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> use larrydb;
- Database changed
- mysql> select * from class;
- +------+--------+
- | cid | cname |
- +------+--------+
- | 1 | linux |
- | 2 | oracle |
- +------+--------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from stu;
- +------+---------+------+
- | sid | sname | cid |
- +------+---------+------+
- | 1 | larry01 | 1 |
- | 2 | larry02 | 2 |
- +------+---------+------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上就是實現MySQL冷備的全部過程,大家對冷備有沒有了大概的了解,希望這篇文章可以對大家的學習有所幫助。
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