在日常工作中；經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到這樣的需求：
若是少量數(shù)據(jù)；可選擇的解決方案有很多。常用的用 Pl/SQL developer工具，或者手動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為 INSERT 語(yǔ)句，或者通過(guò)API。但數(shù)據(jù)量大；用上面的方法效率太爛了。本文來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō) Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)的加載和卸載。
一. Oracle 中的 DBLINK
在日常工作中；會(huì)遇到不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)接；每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)都有著功能；像Oracle有 DBLINK ; PostgreSQL有外部表。
1.1 Oracle DBlink 語(yǔ)法
CREATE [PUBLIC] DATABASE LINK link
CONNECT TO username
IDENTIFIED BY password
USING 'connectstring'
1.2 Oracle To Mysql
在oracle配置mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的dblink
二.Oracle加載數(shù)據(jù)-外部表
ORACLE外部表用來(lái)存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以外的文本文件（Text File）或ORACLE專屬格式文件。因此，建立外部表時(shí)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生段、區(qū)、數(shù)據(jù)塊等存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，只有與表相關(guān)的定義放在數(shù)據(jù)字典中。外部表，顧名思義，存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)外面的表。當(dāng)存取時(shí)才能從ORACLE專屬格式文件中取得數(shù)據(jù)，外部表僅供查詢，不能對(duì)外部表的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修改（INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE操作）。不能對(duì)外部表建立索引。
2.1 創(chuàng)建外部表需要的目錄
# 創(chuàng)建外部表需要的目錄SQL> create or replace directory DUMP_DIR as '/data/ora_ext_lottu'; Directory created.# 給用戶授予指定目錄的操作權(quán)限SQL> GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR TO lottu;Grant succeeded.
2.2 外部表源文件lottu.txt
10,ACCOUNTING,NEW YORK20,RESEARCH,DALLAS30,SALES,CHICAGO40,OPERATIONS,BOSTON
2.3 創(chuàng)建外部表
drop table dept_external purge;CREATE TABLE dept_external ( deptno NUMBER(6), dname VARCHAR2(20), loc VARCHAR2(25) )ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL(TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR ACCESS PARAMETERS ( RECORDS DELIMITED BY newline BADFILE 'lottu.bad' LOGFILE 'lottu.log' FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ( deptno INTEGER EXTERNAL(6), dname CHAR(20), loc CHAR(25) ) ) LOCATION ('lottu.txt'))REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;查看數(shù)據(jù)
SQL> select * from dept_external; DEPTNO DNAME LOC---------- -------------------- ------------------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
三. Oracle加載數(shù)據(jù)-sqlldr工具
3.1 準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象
創(chuàng)建文件lottu.txt；和表tbl_load_01。
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ seq 1000|awk -vOFS="," '{print $1,"lottu",systime()-$1}' > lottu.txt[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlplus lottu/li0924SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Aug 13 22:58:34 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> create table tbl_load_01 (id number,name varchar2(10),accountid number);Table created.3.2 創(chuàng)建控制文件lottu.ctl
load datacharacterset utf8 infile '/home/oracle/lottu.txt' truncate into table tbl_load_01 fields terminated by ',' trailing nullcols optionally enclosed by ' ' TRAILING NULLCOLS( id , name, accountid)
3.3 執(zhí)行sqlldr
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlldr 'lottu/"li0924"' control=/home/oracle/lottu.ctl log=/home/oracle/lottu.log bad=/home/oracle/lottu.badSQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 13 23:10:12 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Commit point reached - logical record count 64Commit point reached - logical record count 128Commit point reached - logical record count 192Commit point reached - logical record count 256Commit point reached - logical record count 320Commit point reached - logical record count 384Commit point reached - logical record count 448Commit point reached - logical record count 512Commit point reached - logical record count 576Commit point reached - logical record count 640Commit point reached - logical record count 704Commit point reached - logical record count 768Commit point reached - logical record count 832Commit point reached - logical record count 896Commit point reached - logical record count 960Commit point reached - logical record count 1000
四.Oracle卸載數(shù)據(jù)-sqludr
sqludr是將Oracle數(shù)據(jù)表導(dǎo)出到文本中；是牛人樓方鑫開(kāi)發(fā)的。并非Oracle自帶工具；需要下載安裝才能使用。
4.1 sqludr安裝
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ unzip sqluldr2linux64.zip Archive: sqluldr2linux64.zip inflating: sqluldr2linux64.bin [oracle@oracle235 ~]$ mv sqluldr2linux64.bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqludr
4.2 查看sqludr幫助
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr -?SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.License: Free for non-commercial useage, else 100 USD per server.Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]Valid Keywords: user = username/password@tnsname sql = SQL file name query = select statement field = separator string between fields record = separator string between records rows = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000) file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt) log = log file name, prefix with + to append mode fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES) text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH). charset = character set name of the target database. ncharset= national character set name of the target database. parfile = read command option from parameter file for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code, /r=0x0d /n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, /t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27
4.3 執(zhí)行sqludr
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr lottu/li0924 query="tbl_load_01" file=lottu01.txt field="," 0 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55, size 0 MB. 1000 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55, size 0 MB. output file lottu01.txt closed at 1000 rows, size 0 MB.
總結(jié)
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Oracle數(shù)據(jù)加載和卸載的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問(wèn)請(qǐng)給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)VeVb武林網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站的支持！
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