Oracle基礎多條sql執行在中間的語句出現錯誤時的控制方式

2024-08-29 14:01:26

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多條sql執行時如果在中間的語句出現錯誤，后續會不會直接執行，如何進行設定，以及其他數據庫諸如Mysql是如何對應的，這篇文章將會進行簡單的整理和說明。

環境準備

使用Oracle的精簡版創建docker方式的demo環境

多行語句的正常執行

對上篇文章創建的兩個字段的學生信息表，正常添加三條數據，詳細如下：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF> desc student> select * from student;> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');> commit;> select * from student;> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> 1 row created.SQL> 1 row created.SQL> Commit complete.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1002 liumiao   1003 michaelSQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

多行語句中間出錯時的缺省動作

問題：

三行insert語句，如果中間的一行出錯，缺省的狀況下第三行會不會被插入進去？

我們將第二條insert語句的主鍵故意設定重復，然后進行確認第三條數據是否會進行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > >    > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelSQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

結果非常清晰地表明是會繼續執行的，在oracle中通過什么來對其進行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很簡單，在oracle中通過WHENEVER SQLERROR來進行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行設定，即會在失敗的時候立即推出，接下來我們進行確認：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFWHENEVER SQLERROR EXITdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE則和缺省方式下的行為一致，出錯仍然繼續執行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFWHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUEdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 1 row deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelSQL> Commit complete.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

Mysql中類似的機制

mysql中使用source是否提供相關的類似機制的問題中，最終引入了Oracle此項功能在mysql中引入的建議，詳細請參看：