本文通過舉例的方式來教你如何在Oracle中實現SELECT TOP N的方法。 1.在Oracle中實現SELECT TOP N : 由于ORACLE不支持SELECT TOP語句,所以在ORACLE中經常是用ORDER BY跟ROWNUM的組合來實現SELECT TOP N的查詢。 簡單地說,實現方法如下所示:
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出記錄數) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC
下面舉個例子簡單說明一下。 顧客表customer(id,name)有如下數據:
ID NAME 01 first02 Second03 third04 forth05 fifth06 sixth07 seventh08 eighth09 ninth10 tenth11 last
則按NAME的字母順抽出前三個顧客的SQL語句如下所示:
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 3 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出記錄數) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = M(M <= N)
同樣以上表的數據為基礎,那么得到以NAME的字母順排序的第二個顧客的信息的SQL語句應該這樣寫:
SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 3 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = 2
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N(抽出記錄數) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = N 那么,2中的例子的SQL語句則為: SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= 2 ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO = 2
結果為:
ID NAME05 fifth
4.抽出按某種方式排序的記錄集中的第M條記錄開始的X條記錄: 上一點所講的僅僅是抽取一條記錄的情況,當我們需要抽取多條記錄的時候,此時在第二點中的N的取值應該是在N >= (M + X - 1)這個范圍內,當然最經濟的取值就是取等號的時候了。當然最后的抽取條件也不是RECNO = N了,應該是RECNO BETWEEN M AND (M + X - 1)了,所以隨之而來的SQL語句則為:
SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, 列名1...列名nFROM (SELECT 列名1...列名n FROM 表名 ORDER BY 列名1...列名n) WHERE ROWNUM <= N (N >= (M + X - 1)) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO BETWEEN M AND (M + X - 1)
同樣以上面的數據為例,則抽取NAME的字母順的第二條記錄開始的3條記錄的SQL語句為:
SELECT ID, NAME FROM ( SELECT ROWNUM RECNO, ID, NAME FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY NAME) WHERE ROWNUM <= (2 + 3 - 1) ORDER BY ROWNUM ASC ) WHERE RECNO BETWEEN 2 AND (2 + 3 - 1)