android 網絡編程之網絡通信幾種方式實例分享

2020-04-11 11:58:31

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來源：轉載

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如今，手機應用滲透到各行各業，數量難以計數，其中大多數應用都會使用到網絡，與服務器的交互勢不可擋，那么android當中訪問網絡有哪些方式呢？

現在總結了六種方式：

（1）針對TCP/IP的Socket、ServerSocket

（2）針對UDP的DatagramSocket、DatagramPackage。這里需要注意的是，考慮到Android設備通常是手持終端,IP都是隨著上網進行分配的。不是固定的。因此開發也是有一點與普通互聯網應用有所差異的。

（3）針對直接URL的HttpURLConnection。

（4）Google集成了Apache HTTP客戶端，可使用HTTP進行網絡編程。

（5）使用WebService。Android可以通過開源包如jackson去支持Xmlrpc和Jsonrpc,另外也可以用Ksoap2去實現Webservice。

（6）直接使用WebView視圖組件顯示網頁?；赪ebView 進行開發，Google已經提供了一個基于chrome-lite的Web瀏覽器，直接就可以進行上網瀏覽網頁。

一、socket與serverSocket

客戶端代碼

復制代碼代碼如下:

public class TestNetworkActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button connectBtn;
private Button sendBtn;
private TextView showView;
private EditText msgText;
private Socket socket;
private Handler handler;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.test_network_main);

  connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_connect);
  sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_send);
  showView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_tv_show);
  msgText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_et_msg);
  connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
  sendBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

  handler = new Handler(){
   @Override
   public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    super.handleMessage(msg);
    String data = msg.getData().getString("msg");
    showView.setText("來自服務器的消息:"+data);
   }
  };
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
  //連接服務器
  if(v == connectBtn){
   connectServer();
  }
  //發送消息
  if(v == sendBtn){
   String msg = msgText.getText().toString();
   send(msg);
  }
}
       /**
*連接服務器的方法
*/
public void connectServer(){
  try {
   socket = new Socket("192.168.1.100",4000);
   System.out.println("連接服務器成功");
   recevie();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   System.out.println("連接服務器失敗"+e);
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
}
       /**
*發送消息的方法
*/
public void send(String msg){
  try {
   PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
   ps.println(msg);
   ps.flush();
  } catch (IOException e) {

   e.printStackTrace();
  }
}
       /**
*讀取服務器傳回的方法
*/
public void recevie(){

  new Thread(){
   public void run(){
    while(true){
     try {
      InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
      String str = br.readLine();
      Message message = new Message();
      Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
      bundle.putString("msg", str);
      message.setData(bundle);
      handler.sendMessage(message);

     } catch (IOException e) {

      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   }
  }.start();

}
}

二、RUL、URLConnection、httpURLConnection、ApacheHttp、WebView

復制代碼代碼如下:

public class TestURLActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private Button connectBtn;
private Button urlConnectionBtn;
private Button httpUrlConnectionBtn;
private Button httpClientBtn;
private ImageView showImageView;
private TextView showTextView;
private WebView webView;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.test_url_main);

  connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_connect);
  urlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_urlconnection);
  httpUrlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpurlconnection);
  httpClientBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpclient);
  showImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_iv_show);
  showTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_tv_show);
  webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_wv);
  connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
  urlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
  httpUrlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
  httpClientBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
  // 直接使用URL對象進行連接
  if (v == connectBtn) {

   try {
    URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/image.jpg");
    InputStream is = url.openStream();
    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
    showImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
   } catch (Exception e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   }

  }
  // 直接使用URLConnection對象進行連接
  if (v == urlConnectionBtn) {
   try {

    URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
    URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
    InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
    byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
    int len = 0;
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    while ((len = is.read(bs)) != -1) {
     String str = new String(bs, 0, len);
     sb.append(str);
    }
    showTextView.setText(sb.toString());
   } catch (Exception e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   }

  }
  // 直接使用HttpURLConnection對象進行連接
  if (v == httpUrlConnectionBtn) {

   try {
    URL url = new URL(
      "http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc");
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
      .openConnection();
    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
    if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
     String message = connection.getResponseMessage();
     showTextView.setText(message);
    }
   } catch (Exception e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  // 使用ApacheHttp客戶端進行連接(重要方法)
  if (v == httpClientBtn) {
   try {

    HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    // 如果是Get提交則創建HttpGet對象，否則創建HttpPost對象
    // HttpGet httpGet = new
    // HttpGet("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc&pwd=321");
    // post提交的方式
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(
      "http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");
    // 如果是Post提交可以將參數封裝到集合中傳遞
    List dataList = new ArrayList();
    dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "aaaaa"));
    dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "123"));
    // UrlEncodedFormEntity用于將集合轉換為Entity對象
    httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(dataList));
    // 獲取相應消息
    HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
    // 獲取消息內容
    HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    // 把消息對象直接轉換為字符串
    String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
                                //showTextView.setText(content);

    //通過webview來解析網頁
    webView.loadDataWithBaseURL(null, content, "text/html", "utf-8", null);
    //給點url來進行解析
    //webView.loadUrl(url);
   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (IOException e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
}

}

三、使用webService

復制代碼代碼如下:

public class LoginActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
 private Button loginBtn;
 private static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://192.168.1.100:8080/loginservice/LoginServicePort";
 private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://service.lovo.com/";
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.login_main);
  loginBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login_main_btn_login);
  loginBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
 }
 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {

  if(v == loginBtn){
   //創建WebService的連接對象
   HttpTransportSE httpSE = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
   //通過SOAP1.1協議對象得到envelop
   SoapSerializationEnvelope envelop = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
   //根據命名空間和方法名來創建SOAP對象
   SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, "validate");
   //向調用方法傳遞參數
   soapObject.addProperty("arg0", "abc");
   soapObject.addProperty("arg1","123");
   //將SoapObject對象設置為SoapSerializationEnvelope對象的傳出SOAP消息
   envelop.bodyOut = soapObject;
   try {
    //開始調用遠程的方法
    httpSE.call(null, envelop);
    //得到遠程方法返回的SOAP對象
    SoapObject resultObj = (SoapObject) envelop.bodyIn;
    //根據名為return的鍵來獲取里面的值，這個值就是方法的返回值
    String returnStr = resultObj.getProperty("return").toString();
    Toast.makeText(this, "返回值："+returnStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   } catch (IOException e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
   }

  }

 }
}