(2)基本的語法字符。/d 0-9的數字/D /d的補集(以所以字符為全集,下同),即所有非數字的字符/w 單詞字符,指大小寫字母、0-9的數字、下劃線/W /w的補集/s 空白字符,包括換行符/n、回車符/r、制表符/t、垂直制表符/v、換頁符/f/S /s的補集. 除換行符/n外的任意字符[…] 匹配[]內所列出的所有字符[^…] 匹配非[]內所列出的字符下面提供一些簡單的示例:
string i = "/n";string m = "3";Regex r = new Regex(@"/D");//同Regex r = new Regex("http://D");//r.IsMatch(i)結果:true//r.IsMatch(m)結果:false
string i = "%";string m = "3";Regex r = new Regex("[a-z0-9]");//匹配小寫字母或數字字符//r.IsMatch(i)結果:false//r.IsMatch(m)結果:true
(3)定位字符"定位字符"所代表的是一個虛的字符,它代表一個位置,你也可以直觀地認為"定位字符"所代表的是某個字符與字符間的那個微小間隙。^ 表示其后的字符必須位于字符串的開始處$ 表示其前面的字符必須位于字符串的結束處/b 匹配一個單詞的邊界/B 匹配一個非單詞的邊界另外,還包括:/A 前面的字符必須位于字符處的開始處,/z 前面的字符必須位于字符串的結束處,/Z 前面的字符必須位于字符串的結束處,或者位于換行符前下面提供一些簡單的示例:
string i = "Live for nothing,die for something";Regex r1 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$");//r1.IsMatch(i) trueRegex r2 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for some$");//r2.IsMatch(i) falseRegex r3 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for some");//r3.IsMatch(i) true
string i = @"Live for nothing,die for something";//多行Regex r1 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$");Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r2 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r3 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r/ndie for something$");Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(i).Count);//1Regex r4 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,$");Console.WriteLine("r4 match count:" + r4.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r5 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r5 match count:" + r5.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r6 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r/n$");Console.WriteLine("r6 match count:" + r6.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r7 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r/n$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r7 match count:" + r7.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r8 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r$");Console.WriteLine("r8 match count:" + r8.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r9 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r9 match count:" + r9.Matches(i).Count);//1Regex r10 = new Regex("^die for something$");Console.WriteLine("r10 match count:" + r10.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r11 = new Regex("^die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r11 match count:" + r11.Matches(i).Count);//1Regex r12 = new Regex("^");Console.WriteLine("r12 match count:" + r12.Matches(i).Count);//1Regex r13 = new Regex("$");Console.WriteLine("r13 match count:" + r13.Matches(i).Count);//1Regex r14 = new Regex("^", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r14 match count:" + r14.Matches(i).Count);//2Regex r15 = new Regex("$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r15 match count:" + r15.Matches(i).Count);//2Regex r16 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,/r$/n^die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);Console.WriteLine("r16 match count:" + r16.Matches(i).Count);//1//對于一個多行字符串,在設置了Multiline選項之后,^和$將出現多次匹配。
string i = "Live for nothing,die for something";string m = "Live for nothing,die for some thing";Regex r1 = new Regex(@"/bthing/b");Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(i).Count);//0Regex r2 = new Regex(@"thing/b");Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(i).Count);//2Regex r3 = new Regex(@"/bthing/b");Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(m).Count);//1Regex r4 = new Regex(@"/bfor something/b");Console.WriteLine("r4 match count:" + r4.Matches(i).Count);//1///b通常用于約束一個完整的單詞
(4)重復描述字符"重復描述字符"是體現C#正則表達式"很好很強大"的地方之一:{n} 匹配前面的字符n次{n,} 匹配前面的字符n次或多于n次{n,m} 匹配前面的字符n到m次? 匹配前面的字符0或1次+ 匹配前面的字符1次或多于1次* 匹配前面的字符0次或式于0次以下提供一些簡單的示例:
string x = "1024";string y = "+1024";string z = "1,024";string a = "1";string b="-1024";string c = "10000";Regex r = new Regex(@"^/+?[1-9],?/d{3}$");Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("z match count:" + r.Matches(z).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("a match count:" + r.Matches(a).Count);//0Console.WriteLine("b match count:" + r.Matches(b).Count);//0Console.WriteLine("c match count:" + r.Matches(c).Count);//0//匹配1000到9999的整數。
(5)擇一匹配C#正則表達式中的 (|) 符號似乎沒有一個專門的稱謂,姑且稱之為"擇一匹配"吧。事實上,像[a-z]也是一種擇一匹配,只不過它只能匹配單個字符,而(|)則提供了更大的范圍,(ab|xy)表示匹配ab或匹配xy。注意"|"與"()"在此是一個整體。下面提供一些簡單的示例:
string x = "0";string y = "0.23";string z = "100";string a = "100.01";string b = "9.9";string c = "99.9";string d = "99.";string e = "00.1";Regex r = new Regex(@"^/+?((100(.0+)*)|([1-9]?[0-9])(/./d+)*)$");Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("z match count:" + r.Matches(z).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("a match count:" + r.Matches(a).Count);//0Console.WriteLine("b match count:" + r.Matches(b).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("c match count:" + r.Matches(c).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("d match count:" + r.Matches(d).Count);//0Console.WriteLine("e match count:" + r.Matches(e).Count);//0//匹配0到100的數。最外層的括號內包含兩部分"(100(.0+)*)","([1-9]?[0-9])(/./d+)*",這兩部分是"OR"的關系,即正則表達式引擎會先嘗試匹配100,如果失敗,則嘗試匹配后一個表達式(表示[0,100)范圍中的數字)。
(6)特殊字符的匹配下面提供一些簡單的示例:
string x = "http://";Regex r1 = new Regex("^////$");Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(x).Count);//1Regex r2 = new Regex(@"^//$");Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(x).Count);//1Regex r3 = new Regex("^//$");Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(x).Count);//0//匹配"/"
string x = "/"";Regex r1 = new Regex("^/"$");Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(x).Count);//1Regex r2 = new Regex(@"^""$");Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(x).Count);//1//匹配雙引號
(7)組與非捕獲組以下提供一些簡單的示例:
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";string y = "Live for nothing,die for somebody";Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live ([a-z]{3}) no([a-z]{5}),die /1 some/2$");Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//0//正則表達式引擎會記憶"()"中匹配到的內容,作為一個"組",并且可以通過索引的方式進行引用。表達式中的"/1",用于反向引用表達式中出現的第一個組,即粗體標識的第一個括號內容,"/2"則依此類推。
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no([a-z]{5}),die for some/1$");if (r.IsMatch(x)){Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups[1].Value);//輸出:thing}//獲取組中的內容。注意,此處是Groups[1],因為Groups[0]是整個匹配的字符串,即整個變量x的內容。
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no(?<g1>[a-z]{5}),die for some/1$");if (r.IsMatch(x)){Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups["g1"].Value);//輸出:thing}//可根據組名進行索引。使用以下格式為標識一個組的名稱(?<groupname>…)。
string x = "Live for nothing nothing";Regex r = new Regex(@"([a-z]+) /1");if (r.IsMatch(x)){x = r.Replace(x, "$1");Console.WriteLine("var x:" + x);//輸出:Live for nothing}//刪除原字符串中重復出現的"nothing"。在表達式之外,使用"$1"來引用第一個組,下面則是通過組名來引用:string x = "Live for nothing nothing";Regex r = new Regex(@"(?<g1>[a-z]+) /1");if (r.IsMatch(x)){x = r.Replace(x, "${g1}");Console.WriteLine("var x:" + x);//輸出:Live for nothing}
string x = "Live for nothing";Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no(?:[a-z]{5})$");if (r.IsMatch(x)){Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups[1].Value);//輸出:(空)}//在組前加上"?:"表示這是個"非捕獲組",即引擎將不保存該組的內容。
(8)貪婪與非貪婪正則表達式的引擎是貪婪,只要模式允許,它將匹配盡可能多的字符。通過在"重復描述字符"(*,+)后面添加"?",可以將匹配模式改成非貪婪。請看以下示例:
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";Regex r1 = new Regex(@".*thing");if (r1.IsMatch(x)){Console.WriteLine("match:" + r1.Match(x).Value);//輸出:Live for nothing,die for something}Regex r2 = new Regex(@".*?thing");if (r2.IsMatch(x)){Console.WriteLine("match:" + r2.
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