對數據的合法性進行檢查，只允許合法的數據進入應用程序
1.2、在哪里實現數據驗證客戶端驗證：
數據提交前在客戶端驗證
特點：減少客戶等待時間，減小服務器壓力
服務器端驗證：
在數據提交后服務器端驗證
特點：防止“繞過”客戶端驗證提交非法數據
可以在服務器端處理數據前確保數據的合法性
1.3、Struts2有兩種方式實現服務器端數據驗證addFieldError(String fieldName,String errorMessage),添加字段的錯誤信息
addActionError(String anErrorMessage)，添加與Action所處理業務相關的錯誤信息
2.2、在頁面輸出驗證結果<result name="input">xxx.jsp</result>三、ActionSupport驗證簡單實現3.1、業務方法中較驗
實體類
package com.pb.entity;/* * 用戶類 */public class User { PRivate String username; //用戶名 private String passWord; //密碼 private Integer age; //年齡 private String email; //郵箱 public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; }}register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>注冊頁面</title></head><body><!-- 判斷字段是否有錯誤信息--><s:if test="hasFieldErrors()"><h1 align="center">輸出錯誤字段信息</h1><div align="center" style="color:blue;">使用s:fielderror輸出一個指定的錯誤信息<s:fielderror name="user.username" />使用s:fielderror輸出全部的錯誤信息<s:fielderror /></div></s:if><!-- 判斷action是否有錯誤 --><s:if test="hasActionErrors()"><h1 align="center">輸出錯誤Action信息</h1><div align="center" style="color:gray;">使用s:actionerror輸出action相關的錯誤信息<s:actionerror/></div></s:if><h1>使用execute業務方法直接較驗</h1><s:form action="register.action" method="post" ><s:textfield label="用戶名" name="user.username"/><s:password label="密碼" name="user.password"/><s:textfield label="年齡" name="user.age" /><s:textfield label="郵箱" name="user.email"/><s:submit value="提交" /><s:reset value="重置" /><br/></s:form><s:debug/></body></html>
UserAction
package com.pb.web.action;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.pb.entity.User;public class UserAction extends ActionSupport { private User user; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){ this.addFieldError("user.username", "用戶名不能為空!"); } if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){ this.addFieldError("user.password", "密碼不能為空!"); } String ageStr="^//d{1,3}$"; Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr); Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+""); if(!ageMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡只能是數字,并只能為1-200之間!"); } if(null==user.getAge()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡不能為空!"); } String emaString="^//w+@//w+(.//w{2,3}){1,2}$"; Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString); Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail()); if(!emailMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.email", "郵箱格式不正確"); } if(this.hasErrors()){ this.addActionError("輸入的注冊信息有誤"); return INPUT; } return SUCCESS; } public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }struts.xml
<struts> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="register" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction"> <result name="input">/register.jsp</result> <result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result> </action> </package></struts>四、在Validate()方法中實現驗證
接收參數時，數據轉換失敗也會調用validate()方法
validate()方法驗證不通過不會執行業務方法
4.1、更改之前實現validate()驗證package com.pb.web.action;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.pb.entity.User;public class UserAction1 extends ActionSupport { private User user; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("=========完成注冊信息======"); if(this.hasErrors()){ this.addActionError("輸入的注冊信息有誤"); return INPUT; } return SUCCESS; } @Override public void validate() { if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){ this.addFieldError("user.username", "用戶名不能為空!"); } if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){ this.addFieldError("user.password", "密碼不能為空!"); } String ageStr="^//d{1,3}$"; Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr); Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+""); if(!ageMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡只能是數字,并只能為1-200之間!"); } if(null==user.getAge() || "".equals(user.getAge())){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡不能為空!"); }else{ if(0>user.getAge() || 200<user.getAge()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡1-200之間!!"); } } String emaString="^//w+@//w+(.//w{2,3}){1,2}$"; Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString); Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail()); if(!emailMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.email", "郵箱格式不正確"); } super.validate(); } public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }如果Action中有validate()方法，會先執行驗證，驗證后才執行業務方法，不通過不執行業務方法
五、針對一個業務方法進行數據驗證使用validateXxx()方法
validate()方法和validateXxx()方法同時存在時都會起作用
ValidateXxx()方法的調用要先于validate()方法
5.1、使用針對注冊的驗證方法package com.pb.web.action;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.pb.entity.User;public class UserAction2 extends ActionSupport { private User user; public String register() throws Exception { System.out.println("=========完成注冊信息======"); if(this.hasErrors()){ return INPUT; } return SUCCESS; } @Override public void validate() { System.out.println("====執行validate方法驗證===="); if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){ this.addFieldError("user.username", "用戶名不能為空!"); } if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){ this.addFieldError("user.password", "密碼不能為空!"); } }public void validateRegister(){ System.out.println("====執行validateRegister方法驗證===="); String ageStr="^//d{1,3}$"; Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr); Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+""); if(!ageMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡只能是數字,并只能為1-200之間!"); } if(null==user.getAge() || "".equals(user.getAge())){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡不能為空!"); }else{ if(0>user.getAge() || 200<user.getAge()){ this.addFieldError("user.age", "年齡1-200之間!!"); } } String emaString="^//w+@//w+(.//w{2,3}){1,2}$"; Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString); Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail()); if(!emailMatcher.matches()){ this.addFieldError("user.email", "郵箱格式不正確"); }} public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }struts.xml
<action name="register2" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction2" method="register"> <result name="input">/register2.jsp</result> <result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result> </action>5.2、三種方法
package com.pb.web.action;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.pb.entity.User;public class UserAction3 extends ActionSupport { private User user; public String register() throws Exception { System.out.println("=========完成注冊信息======"); return SUCCESS; } public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }UserAction3-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd"><validators><!-- 用戶名驗證--><field name="user.username"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><param name="minLength">4</param><param name="maxLength">16</param><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符！,當前為${user.username}</message></field-validator></field><!--密碼 --><field name="user.password"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>密碼不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><!--去掉前后的空格 --><param name="trim">true</param><param name="minLength">6</param><param name="maxLength">20</param><message>密碼必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符,當前為${user.password}</message></field-validator></field><!--年齡 --><field name="user.age"><field-validator type="required"><param name="trim">true</param><message>年齡不能為空</message></field-validator><field-validator type="int"><param name="trim">true</param><param name="min">1</param><param name="max">200</param><message>年齡為${min}---${max}歲之間</message></field-validator></field><field name="user.email"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>郵箱不能為空</message></field-validator><field-validator type="email"><param name="trim">true</param><message>郵箱格式不正確!</message></field-validator></field></validators>jsp頁面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>注冊頁面</title></head><body><!-- 判斷字段是否有錯誤信息--><s:if test="hasFieldErrors()"><h1 align="center">輸出錯誤字段信息</h1><div align="center" style="color:blue;">使用s:fielderror輸出全部的錯誤信息<s:fielderror /></div></s:if><h1>ActionName-validation.xml較驗</h1><!-- 必須加上namespace不然不起作用--><s:form action="register3.action" method="post" namespace="/" ><s:textfield label="用戶名" name="user.username"/><s:password label="密碼" name="user.password"/><s:textfield label="年齡" name="user.age" /><s:textfield label="郵箱" name="user.email"/><s:submit value="提交" /><s:reset value="重置" /><br/></s:form><s:debug/></body></html>
struts.xml
<action name="register3" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction3" method="register"> <result name="input">/register3.jsp</result> <result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result> </action>七、針對一個業務編寫配置文件
將上面的年齡驗證和郵箱驗證獨立出來
struts.xml
<action name="register3" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction3" method="register"> <result name="input">/register3.jsp</result> <result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result> </action>
UserAction3-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd"><validators><!-- 用戶名驗證--><field name="user.username"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><param name="minLength">4</param><param name="maxLength">16</param><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符！,當前為${user.username}</message></field-validator></field><!--密碼 --><field name="user.password"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>密碼不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><!--去掉前后的空格 --><param name="trim">true</param><param name="minLength">6</param><param name="maxLength">20</param><message>密碼必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符,當前為${user.password}</message></field-validator></field></validators>UserAction3-register3-validation.xml 中間的名稱要與action名字相同
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd"><validators><!-- 用戶名驗證--><field name="user.username"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><param name="minLength">4</param><param name="maxLength">16</param><param name="trim">true</param><message>用戶名必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符！,當前為${user.username}</message></field-validator></field><!--密碼 --><field name="user.password"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><param name="trim">true</param><message>密碼不能為空!</message></field-validator><field-validator type="stringlength"><!--去掉前后的空格 --><param name="trim">true</param><param name="minLength">6</param><param name="maxLength">20</param><message>密碼必須為${minLength}至${maxLength}個字符,當前為${user.password}</message></field-validator></field></validators>7.2、驗證順序
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