今天復習一下SPRingMVC+Hibernate的搭建，本來想著將Spring-Security權限控制框架也映入其中的，但是發現內容太多了，Spring-Security的就留在下一篇吧，這篇主要搭建SpringMVC4.1.4和Hibernate4.3.8，之前也打了好多SpringMVC的，這部分已經非常的熟悉了，畢竟業開發過一年多SpringMVC的，這次持久層采用Hibernate，數據源采用c3p0，數據庫暫采用MySQL，主要是想復習一下Hibernate。搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate的框架的思路如下下載地址 ：
1、設計數據庫：設計好表結構，最好符合3NF，采用Hibernate tools將設計好的表自動生成對應的實體entity。
1、創建Maven項目，按需映入Maven包依賴。
2、搭建Spring：配置Spring對控件層Bean的注入。
3、搭建Hibernate：配置數據源，配置sessionFactory，配置事務，以及二級緩存ehcache的配置。
4、測試Spring+Hibernate的框架搭建，寫單元測試JUnit，測試事務配置等。
5、映入SpringMVC：配置SpringMVC配置信息。
6、配置web.xml容器
7、測試三個框架的整合：Maven編譯打包部署服務器，測試。
設計一個權限、角色、用戶的表。自然如果一個用戶可以有多個角色，一個角色多個用戶所擁有；一個角色擁有多個權限，一個權限對應多個角色。所以按照數據庫表結構設計，符合3NF的話我們需要5張表進行存在。表的具體信息就不列出了（可以下在源碼，里面還有數據庫），表關系如下：
這里面ID才用到是java的UUID（36位）
創建一個Maven的webapp項目，編寫pom.xml文件，引入所需的包依賴，我這里就將所需的全部的映入了。
pom.xml文件內容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.andy.sh</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_hibernate_demo</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springmvc_hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version> <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 使用SpringMVC需配置 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 關系型數據庫整合時需配置 如hibernate jpa等 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 二級緩存ehcache --> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <!-- log4j --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql連接 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.34</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0數據源 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5-pre10</version> </dependency> <!-- json --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.4</version> </dependency> <!-- servlet --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0-alpha-1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>springmvc_hibernate_demo</finalName> <plugins> <!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <configuration> <skipTests>true</skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- generate java doc --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.9.1</version> <configuration> <javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory> <reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory> <charset>UTF-8</charset> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding> <show>private</show> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 部署至本機 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId> <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <configuration> <container> <containerId>tomcat6x</containerId> <home>D:/WebServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home> </container> <configuration> <type>existing</type> <home>D:/WebServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home> </configuration> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
編寫配置文件，配置文件放在src/main/resources資源目錄下（下同）。
項目所需的配置信息config.properties
#application configs#jdbc c3p0 configjdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driverjdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8jdbc.username = rootjdbc.passWord = 12345#hibernate confighibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialecthibernate.show_sql = truehibernate.format_sql = falsehibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = updatehibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache = truehibernate.cache.use_query_cache = truehibernate.cache.region.factory_class = org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactoryhibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path = ehcache.xml
spring.xml的配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 加載配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/> <!-- 掃描service自動注入為bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.work.service.impl,org.andy.work.dao.impl" /></beans>
上面spring配置了對應包下組件bean自動注入管理，我們需要將dao,service的實現類交由spring管理，如（@Repository，@Service）。
log4j.properties的配置文件如下：
### set log levels ###log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E ### console ###log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppenderlog4j.appender.C.Target = System.outlog4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n### log file ###log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.loglog4j.appender.D.Append = truelog4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n### exception ###log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo_error.log log4j.appender.E.Append = truelog4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [sspringmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
Hibernate的配置主要包括：配置數據源c3p0，配置SessionFactory，配置事務管理器，配置事務管理，其spring-hibernate.xml文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 配置數據源 c3p0 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <!-- 請求超時時間 --> <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="30000" /> <!-- 每60秒檢查所有連接池中的空閑連接。默認值: 0，不檢查 --> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="30" /> <!-- 連接數據庫連接池最大空閑時間 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="30" /> <!-- 連接池初始化連接數 --> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" /> <property name="minPoolSize" value="5" /> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" /> <!--當連接池中的連接耗盡的時候c3p0一次同時獲取的連接數。默認值: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" /> </bean> <!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 注入數據源 相關信息看源碼 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!-- hibernate配置信息 --> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <!-- 開啟二級緩存 ehcache --> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">${hibernate.cache.region.factory_class}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">${hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path} </prop> </props> </property> <!-- 掃描hibernate注解配置的entity --> <property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.work.entity" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事務增強處理Bean，指定事務管理器 --> <tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <!-- 配置詳細事務處理語義 --> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <!-- 其他采用默認事務方式 --> <tx:method name="*" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- Spring aop事務管理 --> <aop:config> <!-- 配置切入點 --> <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* org.andy.work.service..*Impl.*(..))" /> <!-- 指定在txAdvice切入點應用txAdvice事務增強處理 --> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut" advice-ref="transactionAdvice" /> </aop:config></beans>上面配置了二級緩存，ehcache，相關的具體信息查看上一篇Hibernate二級緩存以及ehcache的搭建配置，下面是二級緩存的配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd"> <diskStore path="D:/ehcache" /> <!-- DefaultCache setting. --> <defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="1000" eternal="false" timeToIdleSeconds="120" timeToLiveSeconds="120" maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" overflowToDisk="true" memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"> </defaultCache> <!-- Special objects setting. --> <cache name="org.andy.work.entity.AcctUser" maxElementsInMemory="2" memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" eternal="true" diskPersistent="false" overflowToDisk="false" maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" /> </ehcache>
上面Hibernate二級緩存ehcache存放磁盤是D:/ehcache
設計好數據表后，Hibernate的實體有工具Hibernate tools自動生成，Eclipse需要安裝Hibernate tools插件（我在線安裝過幾次都不成功，推薦使用links離線安裝，附錄將介紹），所以不需要手工的書寫，下面就貼一個用戶信息的實體，AcctUser.java
package org.andy.work.entity;// Generated 2015-2-3 10:43:00 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.FetchType;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;import javax.persistence.JoinTable;import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;import javax.persistence.Table;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;/** * AcctUser generated by hbm2java */@Entity@Table(name = "acct_user", catalog = "work")@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)public class AcctUser implements java.io.Serializable { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 6980093847795726310L; private String id; private String nickName; private String telephone; private Date registerTime; private Set<AcctRole> acctRoles = new HashSet<AcctRole>(0); public AcctUser() { } public AcctUser(String id, String nickName) { this.id = id; this.nickName = nickName; } public AcctUser(String id, String nickName, String telephone, Date registerTime, Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) { this.id = id; this.nickName = nickName; this.telephone = telephone; this.registerTime = registerTime; this.acctRoles = acctRoles; } @Id @Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 36) public String getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } @Column(name = "nick_name", nullable = false) public String getNickName() { return this.nickName; } public void setNickName(String nickName) { this.nickName = nickName; } @Column(name = "telephone") public String getTelephone() { return this.telephone; } public void setTelephone(String telephone) { this.telephone = telephone; } @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) @Column(name = "register_time", length = 19) public Date getRegisterTime() { return this.registerTime; } public void setRegisterTime(Date registerTime) { this.registerTime = registerTime; } @JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"}) @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) @Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE) @JoinTable(name = "acct_user_role", catalog = "work", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }) public Set<AcctRole> getAcctRoles() { return this.acctRoles; } public void setAcctRoles(Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) { this.acctRoles = acctRoles; }}上面有幾個需要注意的：
上面大多數都是Hibernate tools自動生成的，但是有幾個需要手動添加：
1、如果這個實體使用二級緩存的話，需要添加@cache注解；
2、如果該實體里面還有集合元素（set， map，list），如果實體要采用二級緩存，那么這些集合元素必須也添加@cache注解。
3、@JsonIgnoreProperties注解是為了防止SpringMVC在json返回時產生循環輸出使用，如果不配置的話就會出現json死循環（還有多對多，一對多的屬性時）。
4、@JsonIgnore這個是在轉換成json是忽略該屬性，而@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})則是忽略acctRoles里面的acctUsers和acctAuthorites屬
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