序言
MyBatis,大家都知道，半自動(dòng)的ORM框架，原來(lái)叫ibatis，后來(lái)好像是10年apache軟件基金組織把它托管給了goole code，就重新命名了MyBatis，功能相對(duì)以前更強(qiáng)大了。它相對(duì)全自動(dòng)的持久層框架Hibernate，更加靈活，更輕量級(jí)，這點(diǎn)我還是深有體會(huì)的。
MyBatis的一個(gè)強(qiáng)大特性之一就是動(dòng)態(tài)SQL能力了，能省去我們很多串聯(lián)判斷拼接SQL的痛苦，根據(jù)項(xiàng)目而定，在一定的場(chǎng)合下使用，能大大減少程序的代碼量和復(fù)雜程度，不過(guò)還是不是過(guò)度太過(guò)復(fù)雜的使用，以免不利于后期的維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展。
動(dòng)態(tài)SQL
動(dòng)態(tài)SQL提供了對(duì)SQL語(yǔ)句的靈活操作,通過(guò)表達(dá)式進(jìn)行判斷,對(duì)SQL進(jìn)行拼接/組裝.
if
對(duì)查詢條件進(jìn)行判斷,如果輸入?yún)?shù)不為空才進(jìn)行查詢條件的拼接.
mapper
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT * FROM userAND id = #{id}AND name = #{name}AND password = #{password}</select></code> 會(huì)自動(dòng)處理第一個(gè)AND(MyBatis還提供了自定義行為的元素, 詳細(xì)可參考MyBatis文檔).
UserDAO
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php">List<user> selectUser(User user) throws Exception;</user></code></code>
Client
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java">@Testpublic void selectUserClient() throws Exception {UserDAO dao = session.getMapper(UserDAO.class);User user = dao.selectUser(new User(null, null, "new_password"));System.out.println(user);}</code></code></code> 由于id與name為null, 因此這兩個(gè)條件不會(huì)拼接在SQL中,這一點(diǎn)可以調(diào)試時(shí)日志中看出.
choose/when/otherwise
有些時(shí)候,我們并不想用到所有的條件語(yǔ)句,而只想從中選擇一二.針對(duì)這種情況,MyBatis提供了元素,他有點(diǎn)像Java中的switch.
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT * FROM userAND id = #{id}AND name = #{name}AND password = #{password}</select></code></code></code></code> set
用于動(dòng)態(tài)更新語(yǔ)句的解決方案為,set元素可以被用于動(dòng)態(tài)包含需要更新的列, 而舍去其他的.
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><update id="updateUserById" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">UPDATE user<set><if test="name != null">name = #{name} ,</if><if test="password != null">password = #{password} ,</if></set>WHERE id = #{id};</update></code></code></code></code></code> foreach
使用foreach可以實(shí)現(xiàn)向SQL中傳遞數(shù)組或List:
傳入List
查詢多個(gè)id的用戶信息, 可以由下面兩種SQL實(shí)現(xiàn):
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql">SELECT * FROM user WHERE (id = ? OR id = ? OR id = ?);SELECT * FROM user WHERE id IN (?, ?, ?, ?);</code></code></code></code></code></code>
因此其foreach的定義也有如下兩種方案:
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="java.util.List" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT *FROM userid = #{id}</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="java.util.List" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT *FROM user#{id}</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> 元素 描述
collection SQL解析的參數(shù)名
index 循環(huán)下標(biāo)
item 單個(gè)元素的名
open 循環(huán)開(kāi)始輸出
close 循環(huán)結(jié)束輸出
separator 中間分隔輸出
傳遞List作為parameterType時(shí),SQL解析參數(shù)名固定為list.
UserDAO
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica">List<user> selectUser(List<integer> ids) throws Exception;</integer></user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
批量插入用戶案例
mapper
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><insert id="insertUserList" parametertype="java.util.List">INSERT INTO user(name, password) VALUES<if test="list != null and list.size != 0"><foreach collection="list" item="user" separator=",">(#{user.name}, #{user.password})</foreach></if></insert></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> UserDAO
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java">void insertUserList(List<user> users) throws Exception;</user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
Client
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java">@Testpublic void insertUserListClient() throws Exception {UserDAO dao = session.getMapper(UserDAO.class);dao.insertUserList(Lists.newArrayList(new User(null, "mojia5", "mojia5"), new User(null, "mojia6", "mojia6"), new User(null, "mojia7", "mojia7")));}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> 傳入數(shù)組
mapper
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="Object[]" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT *FROM user#{id}</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> 與List類似,傳遞數(shù)組作為parameterType時(shí),SQL解析參數(shù)名固定為array.
UserDAO
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica">List<user> selectUser(Integer[] ids) throws Exception;</user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
SQL片段
可以將一段公共的SQL語(yǔ)句抽取出來(lái), 作為一個(gè)SQL片段, 供其他SQL調(diào)用:
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><sql id="user_where"><if test="id != null">AND id = #{id}</if><if test="name != null">AND name = #{name}</if><if test="password != null">AND password = #{password}</if></sql><select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT * FROM user</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> 經(jīng)驗(yàn):最好基于單表定義SQL片段,而且在SQL片段中不要包含/之類的標(biāo)簽,這樣可以保證SQL片段重用度更高.
關(guān)聯(lián)查詢
數(shù)據(jù)模型分析思路
每張表的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容:分模塊對(duì)每張表記錄的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行熟悉,相當(dāng)于學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)需求/功能. 每張表重要的字段:非空字段/外鍵字段等. 表與表之間的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)級(jí)別關(guān)系: 外鍵關(guān)系. 表與表之間的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系:建立在某個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上去分析.
訂單/商品數(shù)據(jù)模型
表內(nèi)容
user: 購(gòu)買商品的用戶信息 order: 用戶創(chuàng)建的訂單 orderdetail: 訂單詳細(xì)(購(gòu)買商品信息) item: 商品信息 表與表之間的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系:
user/order:
user -> order: 一對(duì)多 order -> user: 一對(duì)一 order/orderdetail:
order -> orderdetail:一對(duì)多 orderdetail -> order:一對(duì)一 orderdetail/item:
orderdetail -> item:一對(duì)一 item -> orderdetail:一對(duì)多
‘一對(duì)一'查詢
需求: 查詢訂單信息,關(guān)聯(lián)查詢(創(chuàng)建訂單的)用戶信息.
由以上分析可知主查詢?yōu)閛rder表,而order -> user關(guān)系為一對(duì)一, 因此使用resultMap將查詢結(jié)果的訂單信息映射到Order中,將用戶信息映射到Order中的User屬性.
PO: 改造User
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java">public class User implements Serializable {private Integer id;private String username;private Date birthday;private Integer sex;private String address;// ..}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> PO: 新增Order, 將User組合到Order中:
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java">public class Order implements Serializable {private Integer id;private Integer userId;private String number;private Date createTime;private String note;private User user;// ...}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> mapper
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs xml"><!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20%3F%2D%2D%3E--><mapper namespace="com.fq.mybatis.OrderDAO"><cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache"><resultmap id="order_user_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order"><id column="id" property="id"><result column="user_id" property="userId"><result column="number" property="number"><result column="create_time" property="createTime"><result column="note" property="note"><association property="user" javatype="com.fq.domain.User"><id column="user_id" property="id"><result column="username" property="username"><result column="birthday" property="birthday"><result column="sex" property="sex"><result column="address" property="address"></result></result></result></result></id></association></result></result></result></result></id></resultmap><select id="selectOrderWithUser" resultmap="order_user_map">SELECT`order`.*,username,birthday,sex,addressFROM `order`, userWHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND `order`.id = #{0};</select></cache></mapper></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>association: 映射關(guān)聯(lián)查詢的單條記錄(將關(guān)聯(lián)查詢信息映射到PO對(duì)象屬性). OrderDAO
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs cs">public interface OrderDAO {Order selectOrderWithUser(Integer id) throws Exception;}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> Client
<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml")public class OrderDAOClient {@Autowiredprivate OrderDAO dao;@Testpublic void client() throws Exception {Order order = dao.selectOrderWithUser(3);System.out.println(order);}}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> ‘一對(duì)多'查詢
需求: 查詢訂單及訂單明細(xì)的信息(一對(duì)多).
PO: 定義OrderDetail,并在Order中添加List orderDetails訂單明細(xì)屬性:
<code class="hljs java">public class OrderDetail implements Serializable {private Integer id;private Integer orderId;private Integer itemId;private Integer itemNumber;// ...}</code> mapper
<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><resultmap id="order_user_detail_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order" extends="order_user_map"><collection property="orderDetails" oftype="com.fq.domain.OrderDetail"><id column="order_detail_id" property="id"><result column="item_id" property="itemId"><result column="item_num" property="itemNumber"><result column="order_id" property="orderId"></result></result></result></id></collection></resultmap><select id="selectOrderWithDetail" resultmap="order_user_detail_map">SELECT`order`.*,username,birthday,sex,address,orderdetail.id order_detail_id,item_id,item_num,order_idFROM `order`, user, orderdetailWHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND `order`.id = orderdetail.order_id AND `order`.id = #{0};</select></code></code> 元素 描述
property 指定關(guān)聯(lián)查詢的結(jié)果集存儲(chǔ)到的屬性
ofType 指定關(guān)聯(lián)查詢結(jié)果集中的對(duì)象類型OrderDAO
<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica">Order selectOrderWithDetail(Integer id) throws Exception;</code></code></code>
‘多對(duì)多'查詢
需求: 查詢用戶及用戶購(gòu)買商品信息.
由于User表與Item表沒(méi)有直接關(guān)聯(lián),因此只能通過(guò)Order表與OrderDetail表進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián).
思路:
1) 將用戶信息映射到User中.
2) 在User中添加List訂單列表屬性,將用戶創(chuàng)建的訂單映射到orders.
3) 在Order中添加List訂單明細(xì)列表屬性,將訂單的明細(xì)映射到orderDetails.
4) 在OrderDetail中添加Item屬性,將訂單明細(xì)所對(duì)應(yīng)的商品映射到item.
PO: Item
<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs">public class Item {private Integer id;private String name;private Float price;private String detail;private String pic;private Date createTime;//...}</code></code></code></code> mapper
<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><resultmap id="user_item_map" type="com.fq.domain.User"><id column="id" property="id"><result column="username" property="username"><result column="birthday" property="birthday"><result column="sex" property="sex"><result column="address" property="address"><collection property="orders" oftype="com.fq.domain.Order"><id column="order_id" property="id"><result column="id" property="userId"><result column="order_create_time" property="createTime"><result column="order_note" property="note"><result column="order_number" property="number"><collection property="orderDetails" oftype="com.fq.domain.OrderDetail"><id column="order_detail_id" property="id"><result column="order_id" property="orderId"><result column="item_id" property="itemId"><result column="order_item_num" property="itemNumber"><association property="item" javatype="com.fq.domain.Item"><id column="item_id" property="id"><result column="item_create_time" property="createTime"><result column="item_detail" property="detail"><result column="item_name" property="name"><result column="item_price" property="price"><result column="item_pic" property="pic"></result></result></result></result></result></id></association></result></result></result></id></collection></result></result></result></result></id></collection></result></result></result></result></id></resultmap><select id="selectUserItem" resultmap="user_item_map">SELECTuser.*,`order`.id order_id,`order`.create_time order_create_time,`order`.note order_note,`order`.number order_number,orderdetail.id order_detail_id,orderdetail.item_num order_item_num,item.id item_id,item.create_time item_create_time,item.detail item_detail,item.name item_name,item.price item_price,item.pic item_picFROM user, item, `order`, orderdetailWHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND orderdetail.order_id = `order`.id AND orderdetail.item_id = item.id ;</select></code></code></code></code></code>
OrderDAO
<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs php">List<user> selectUserItem() throws Exception;</user></code></code></code></code></code></code>
resultMap小結(jié):
使用和可以完成一對(duì)一和一對(duì)多的高級(jí)映射.
association: 將關(guān)聯(lián)查詢信息映射到一個(gè)PO對(duì)象中. collection: 將關(guān)聯(lián)查詢信息映射到一個(gè)集合中.
延遲加載
關(guān)聯(lián)查詢時(shí),使用MyBatis 延遲加載 特性可有效減輕數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)壓力.首次查詢只查詢主表信息,等需要時(shí)再去查詢關(guān)聯(lián)表信息.的/具備延遲加載功能.
需求: 查詢訂單信息并關(guān)聯(lián)查詢用戶信息.
延遲加載開(kāi)關(guān)
在MyBatis核心配置文件(mybatis-configuration.xml)中配置:
1) lazyLoadingEnabled : 設(shè)置是否懶加載.默認(rèn)false,則所有關(guān)聯(lián)查詢都會(huì)被初始化加載.
2) aggressiveLazyLoading : 設(shè)置是否積極加載. 默認(rèn)true,所有關(guān)聯(lián)屬性被初始化加載.
Settings配置:
<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs xml"><settings><setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"><setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"><setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"></setting></setting></setting></settings></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
Mapper
只查詢訂單信息
<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs applescript"><resultmap id="order_user_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order"><id column="id" property="id"><result column="user_id" property="userId"><result column="number" property="number"><result column="create_time" property="createTime"><result column="note" property="note"><association property="user" javatype="com.fq.domain.User" select="com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO.selectUserById" column="user_id"></association></result></result></result></result></id></resultmap><select id="selectOrderWithUser" resultmap="order_user_map">SELECT *FROM `order`;</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
元素 描述
select 指定關(guān)聯(lián)查詢Statement為com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO.selectUserById.
column 指定關(guān)聯(lián)查詢時(shí)將users_id值傳入selectUserById.關(guān)聯(lián)查詢用戶信息(namespace為com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO)
<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUserById" parametertype="java.lang.Integer" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">SELECT *FROM userWHERE id = #{id};</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> 將上面查詢到的訂單信息中的user_id傳入selectUserById來(lái)關(guān)聯(lián)查詢用戶信息.
OrderDAO(同前)
<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica">List<order> selectOrderWithUser() throws Exception;</order></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
Client
<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml")public class OrderDAOClient {@Autowiredprivate OrderDAO dao;@Testpublic void client() throws Exception {List<order> orders = dao.selectOrderWithUser();for (Order order : orders) {System.out.println(order.getUser());}}}</order></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code> debug上面Client, 觀察log信息,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有當(dāng)確實(shí)需要User信息時(shí)才會(huì)調(diào)用selectUserById.
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的mybatis實(shí)踐之動(dòng)態(tài)sql及關(guān)聯(lián)查詢，希望對(duì)大家以上幫助！
