一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中通常會存在如下一些以Properties形式存在的配置文件
1.數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件demo-db.properties:
database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/smaple database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver database.user=root database.password=123
2.消息服務(wù)配置文件demo-mq.properties:
#congfig of ActiveMQ mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp://localhost:61616?soTimeout=30000&connectionTimeout=30000)?jms.useAsyncSend=true&timeout=30000 mq.java.naming.security.principal= mq.java.naming.security.credentials= jms.MailNotifyQueue.consumer=5
3.遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的配置文件demo-remote.properties:
remote.ip=localhost remote.port=16800 remote.serviceName=test
一、系統(tǒng)中需要加載多個(gè)Properties配置文件
應(yīng)用場景:Properties配置文件不止一個(gè),需要在系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)時(shí)同時(shí)加載多個(gè)Properties文件。
配置方式:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 將多個(gè)配置文件讀取到容器中,交給Spring管理 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations"> <list> <!-- 這里支持多種尋址方式:classpath和file --> <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> <!-- 推薦使用file的方式引入,這樣可以將配置和代碼分離 --> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate"> <property name="environment"> <props> <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> 我們也可以將配置中的List抽取出來:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 將多個(gè)配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id="propertyResources" class="java.util.ArrayList"> <constructor-arg> <list> <!-- 這里支持多種尋址方式:classpath和file --> <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> <!-- 推薦使用file的方式引入,這樣可以將配置和代碼分離 --> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 將配置文件讀取到容器中,交給Spring管理 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations" ref="propertyResources" /> </bean> <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate"> <property name="environment"> <props> <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> 二、整合多工程下的多個(gè)分散的Properties
應(yīng)用場景:工程組中有多個(gè)配置文件,但是這些配置文件在多個(gè)地方使用,所以需要分別加載。
配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 將DB屬性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id="dbResources" class="java.util.ArrayList"> <constructor-arg> <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 將MQ屬性配置文件位置放到列表中 --> <bean id="mqResources" class="java.util.ArrayList"> <constructor-arg> <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 用Spring加載和管理DB屬性配置文件 --> <bean id="dbPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="order" value="1" /> <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" /> <property name="locations" ref="dbResources" /> </bean> <!-- 用Spring加載和管理MQ屬性配置文件 --> <bean id="mqPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="order" value="2" /> <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" /> <property name="locations" ref="mqResources" /> </bean> <!-- 使用DB中的配置屬性 --> <bean id="rmsDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${demo.db.driver}" p:url="${demo.db.url}" p:username="${demo.db.username}" p:password="${demo.db.password}" pp:maxActive="${demo.db.maxactive}"p:maxWait="${demo.db.maxwait}" p:poolPreparedStatements="true" p:defaultAutoCommit="false"> </bean> <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 --> <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate"> <property name="environment"> <props> <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop> <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans> 注意:其中order屬性代表其加載順序,而ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders為是否忽略不可解析的 Placeholder,如配置了多個(gè)PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,則需設(shè)置為true。這里一定需要按照這種方式設(shè)置這兩個(gè)參數(shù)。
三、Bean中直接注入Properties配置文件中的值
應(yīng)用場景:Bean中需要直接注入Properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代碼中需要獲取上述demo-remote.properties中的值:
public class Client() { private String ip; private String port; private String service; } 配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a>" xmlns:xsi="<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>" xmlns:util="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a>" xsi:schemaLocation=" <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd</a>"> <!-- 這種加載方式可以在代碼中通過@Value注解進(jìn)行注入, 可以將配置整體賦給Properties類型的類變量,也可以取出其中的一項(xiàng)賦值給String類型的類變量 --> <!-- <util:properties/> 標(biāo)簽只能加載一個(gè)文件,當(dāng)多個(gè)屬性文件需要被加載的時(shí)候,可以使用多個(gè)該標(biāo)簽 --> <util:properties id="remoteSettings" location="file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" /> <!-- <util:properties/> 標(biāo)簽的實(shí)現(xiàn)類是PropertiesFactoryBean, 直接使用該類的bean配置,設(shè)置其locations屬性可以達(dá)到一個(gè)和上面一樣加載多個(gè)配置文件的目的 --> <bean id="settings" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</value> <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
Client類中使用Annotation如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; public class Client() { @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.ip']}") private String ip; @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.port']}") private String port; @Value("#{remoteSettings['remote.serviceName']}") private String service; }四、Bean中存在Properties類型的類變量
應(yīng)用場景:當(dāng)Bean中存在Properties類型的類變量需要以注入的方式初始化
1. 配置方式:我們可以用(三)中的配置方式,只是代碼中注解修改如下
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Client() { @Value("#{remoteSettings}") private Properties remoteSettings; } 2. 配置方式:也可以使用xml中聲明Bean并且注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 可以使用如下的方式聲明Properties類型的FactoryBean來加載配置文件,這種方式就只能當(dāng)做Properties屬性注入,而不能獲其中具體的值 --> <bean id="remoteConfigs" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 遠(yuǎn)端調(diào)用客戶端類 --> <bean id="client" class="com.demo.remote.Client"> <property name="properties" ref="remoteConfigs" /> </bean> </beans>
代碼如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Client() { //@Autowired也可以使用 private Properties remoteSettings; //getter setter } 上述的各個(gè)場景在項(xiàng)目群中特別有用,需要靈活的使用上述各種配置方式。
在很多情況下我們需要在配置文件中配置一些屬性,然后注入到bean中,Spring提供了org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer類,可以方便我們使用注解直接注入properties文件中的配置。
下面我們看下具體如何操作:
首先要新建maven項(xiàng)目,并在pom文件中添加spring依賴,如下pom.xml文件:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.outofmemory</groupId> <artifactId>hellospring.properties.annotation</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>hellospring.properties.annotation</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <org.springframework-version>3.0.0.RC2</org.springframework-version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework-version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies></project> 要自動(dòng)注入properties文件中的配置,需要在spring配置文件中添加org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean和org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer的實(shí)例配置:
如下spring配置文件appContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd "> <!-- bean annotation driven --> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation"> </context:component-scan> <bean id="configProperties" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>classpath*:application.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="properties" ref="configProperties" /> </bean> </beans>
在這個(gè)配置文件中我們配置了注解掃描,和configProperties實(shí)例和propertyConfigurer實(shí)例。這樣我們就可以在java類中自動(dòng)注入配置了,我們看下java類中如何做:
package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class MySQLConnectionInfo { @Value("#{configProperties['mysql.url']}") private String url; @Value("#{configProperties['mysql.userName']}") private String userName; @Value("#{configProperties['mysql.password']}") private String password; /** * @return the url */ public String getUrl() { return url; } /** * @return the userName */ public String getUserName() { return userName; } /** * @return the password */ public String getPassword() { return password; }} 自動(dòng)注入需要使用@Value注解,這個(gè)注解的格式#{configProperties['mysql.url']}其中configProperties是我們在appContext.xml中配置的beanId,mysql.url是在properties文件中的配置項(xiàng)。
properties文件的內(nèi)容如下:
mysql.url=mysql's urlmysql.userName=mysqlUsermysql.password=mysqlPassword
最后我們需要測試一下以上寫法是否有問題,如下App.java文件內(nèi)容:
package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/** * Hello world! * */public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("appContext.xml"); MySQLConnectionInfo connInfo = appContext.getBean(MySQLConnectionInfo.class); System.out.println(connInfo.getUrl()); System.out.println(connInfo.getUserName()); System.out.println(connInfo.getPassword()); }}在main方法中首先聲明了appContext,然后獲得了自動(dòng)注入的MySQLConnectionInfo的實(shí)例,然后打印出來,運(yùn)行程序會輸出配置文件中配置的值
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