css中grid屬性的使用詳解

2024-07-11 08:59:34

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

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grid布局

加在父元素上的屬性

grid-template-columns/grid-template-rows

定義元素的行或列的寬高
如果父元素被等分成了9等分，則，不管有多少個子元素，都顯示9等分
grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;可以寫成grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 33%);

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container1 {  grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;  grid-template-rows: 33% 33% 33%;}

grid-template-areas

父元素的grid-template-areas配合子元素的grid-area定義網格區域
一個句點表示一個空的網格單元

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container2 {  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;  grid-template-areas: "header header . footer"    "main main . sidebar"    "main main . sidebar";}.container2 .item-1 {  grid-area: header;}.container2 .item-2 {  grid-area: main;}.container2 .item-3 {  grid-area: sidebar;}.container2 .item-4 {  grid-area: footer;}

<div class="container container2">  <div class="item item-1">header</div>  <div class="item item-2">main</div>  <div class="item item-3">sidebar</div>  <div class="item item-4">footer</div></div>

grid-column-gap/grid-row-gap/grip-gap

指網格線的大小，也可以說是網格子項之間的間距

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container3 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 30%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 30%);  grid-column-gap: 2%;  grid-row-gap: 2%;}

<div class="container container3">  <div class="item item-1"></div>  <div class="item item-2"></div>  <div class="item item-3"></div>  <div class="item item-4"></div>  <div class="item item-5"></div>  <div class="item item-6"></div>  <div class="item item-7"></div>  <div class="item item-8"></div>  <div class="item item-9"></div></div>

justify-items/align-itemsjustify-items

讓子元素的內容和縱向列軸對齊
align-items讓子元素的內容和橫向行軸對齊
兩個屬性都有四個值
我的例子中，為了方便對比，嵌套了grid網格

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container4 {  width: 400px;  height: 200px;  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 25%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);}.container4 .item {  display: grid;}.container4 .item div {  background-color: coral;  border: 1px dashed #aaa}.container4 .item-1 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  justify-items: start;}.container4 .item-2 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  justify-items: end;}.container4 .item-3 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  justify-items: center;}.container4 .item-4 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  justify-items: stretch;}.container4 .item-5 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  align-items: start;}.container4 .item-6 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  align-items: end;}.container4 .item-7 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  align-items: center;}.container4 .item-8 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);  align-items: stretch;}

<div class="container container4">  <div class="item item-1">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-2">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-3">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-4">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-5">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-6">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-7">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-8">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>

justify-content/align-content

設置子元素的對齊方式，justify表示縱向，align表示橫向

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container5 {  width: 700px;  height: 200px;  grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 14%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);}.container5 .item {  display: grid;}.container5 .item div {  background-color: coral;  border: 1px dashed #aaa}.container5 .item-1 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: start;}.container5 .item-2 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: end;}.container5 .item-3 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: center;}.container5 .item-4 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: stretch;}.container5 .item-5 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: space-around;}.container5 .item-6 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: space-between;}.container5 .item-7 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  justify-content: space-evenly;}.container5 .item-8 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: start;}.container5 .item-9 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: end;}.container5 .item-10 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: center;}.container5 .item-11 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: stretch;}.container5 .item-12 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: space-around;}.container5 .item-13 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: space-between;}.container5 .item-14 {  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);  align-content: space-evenly;}

<div class="container container5">  <div class="item item-1">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-2">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-3">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-4">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-5">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-6">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-7">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-8">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-9">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-10">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-11">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-12">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-13">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div>  <div class="item item-14">    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>    <div>list</div>  </div></div>

grid-auto-columns/grid-auto-rowsgrid-column

后面的值如果是1 / 2形式，表示的是從第1列網格線開始到第2列網格線結束，如果這個屬性定義的網格超出了父元素的范圍，則會自動生成隱式網格
grid-auto-columns和grid-auto-rows兩個屬性來指定這些隱式網格軌跡的寬度

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container6 {  width: 120px;  height: 180px;  grid-template-columns: 60px 60px;  grid-template-rows: 90px 90px;  grid-auto-columns: 60px;}.container6 .item-1 {  grid-column: 1 / 2;  grid-row: 2 / 3;  border: 1px solid #ccc;}.container6 .item-2 {  grid-column: 5 / 6;  grid-row: 2 / 3;  border: 1px solid #ccc;}

<div class="container container6">  <div class="item-1">1/2&2/3</div>  <div class="item-2">5/6&2/3</div></div>

grid-auto-flow

沒有網格元素的時候，自動排列
row表示從左到右排列，column表示從上到下排列

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container7 {  display: grid;  width: 200px;  height: 40px;  grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px 40px 40px;  grid-template-rows: 40px 40px;  /* grid-auto-flow: row; */  grid-auto-flow: column;}.container7 .item-1 {  grid-column: 1;  grid-row: 1 / 3;}.container7 .item-5 {  grid-column: 5;  grid-row: 1 / 3;}

<div class="container container7">  <div class="item item-1">1</div>  <div class="item item-2">2</div>  <div class="item item-3">3</div>  <div class="item item-4">4</div>  <div class="item item-5">5</div></div>

加在子元素上的屬性

grid-column-start/grid-column-end/grid-row-start/grid-row-end/grid-column/grid-row

定義網格開始或者結束的位置
值為數字，表示從這條線開始。值為span加數字，表示覆蓋了這條線的位置

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container8 {  margin-top: 20px;  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 20%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 20%);}.container8 .item-1 {  grid-column-start: 2;  grid-column-end: 4;  grid-row-start: 1;  grid-row-end: 2;}.container8 .item-2 {  grid-column-start: 4;  grid-column-end: span 5;  grid-row-start: 2;  grid-row-end: span 5;}.container8 .item-3 {  grid-column: 1 / span 2;  grid-row: 2 / span 4;}

<div class="container container8">  <div class="item item-1">item-1</div>  <div class="item item-2">item-2</div>  <div class="item item-3">item-3</div></div>

justify-self/align-self

網格子項內容與格線對齊

.container {  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  display: grid;  background-color: coral;  margin: 10px;}.container .item {  border: 1px solid #ccc;  background-color: chocolate;}.container9 {  width: 400px;  height: 200px;  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 25%);  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);}.container9 .item-1 {  justify-self: start;}.container9 .item-2 {  justify-self: end;}.container9 .item-3 {  justify-self: center;}.container9 .item-4 {  justify-self: stretch;}.container9 .item-5 {  align-self: start;}.container9 .item-6 {  align-self: end;}.container9 .item-7 {  align-self: center;}.container9 .item-8 {  align-self: stretch;}

<div class="container container9">  <div class="item item-1">item-1</div>  <div class="item item-2">item-2</div>  <div class="item item-3">item-3</div>  <div class="item item-4">item-4</div>  <div class="item item-5">item-5</div>  <div class="item item-6">item-6</div>  <div class="item item-7">item-7</div>  <div class="item item-8">item-8</div></div>