題目：將給定的一塊硬盤制作為可啟動硬盤，操作全程使用二進制程序或者腳本自動完成： 1.系統為一個裁剪后的GNU/linux操作系統； 2.使用init腳本初始化系統，要求能裝載網卡驅動，并配置ip地址； 3.最后進入bash shell交互環境。
解：
處理過程鳥瞰
第一步：格式化此磁盤，創建兩個主分區，并格式化。此工作在之前的文章《LFS Bash腳本熱身任務 一》中已經完成，直接使用其代碼。
1 #!/bin/bash 2 #kernel_step3.sh 3 #author: Sen Han 4 #date: 21:29 2014/3/2 5 6 7 echo "input a device path like /dev/sd[a-z]" 8 read -p "input the device path:" dev 9 10 while ! [ -b "$dev" ]11 do12 if [ "$dev" = "quit" ]13 then14 exit 915 fi16 echo "input a device path like /dev/sd[a-z]"17 read -p "input the device path:" dev18 done19 20 echo "the next step will format the whole disk $dev"21 read -p "input ENTER to quit,input y or yes to continue:" flag22 23 if ! [ "$flag" = "y" -o "$flag" = "yes" ]24 then25 exit 826 fi27 28 echo "delete MBR"29 dd if=/dev/zero of=$dev bs=512 count=130 fdisk -l $dev31 echo "auto partition"32 echo "n33 p34 135 36 +100M37 n38 p39 240 41 +512M42 w43 q44 " | fdisk $dev &>/dev/null45 fdisk -l $dev46 mkfs -t ext3 "$dev"147 mkfs -t ext3 "$dev"248 49 [ -e /mnt/boot ] || mkdir /mnt/boot 50 [ -d /mnt/boot ] || ( echo "error:/mnt/boot isn't a directory "; exit 1 )51 [ -e /mnt/sysroot ] || mkdir /mnt/sysroot 52 [ -d /mnt/sysroot ] || ( echo "error:/mnt/sysroot isn't a directory "; exit 1 )53 54 mount "$dev"1 /mnt/boot55 mount "$dev"2 /mnt/sysrootView Code
第二步：將這兩個分區掛載到兩個宿主機目錄，分別是/mnt/boot與/mnt/sysroot，在磁盤上安裝grub系統啟動管理程序，復制內核壓縮映像與initramfs至boot分區，配置grub。
1 cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 /mnt/boot/ 2 cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img /mnt/boot/ 3 4 grub-install --root-directory=/mnt $dev 5 6 cat > /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf <<EOF 7 default=0 8 timeout=5 9 title step310 root (hd0,0)11 kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/sbin/init12 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img13 EOF
第三步：初始化根目錄，創建必要的目錄文件，復制需要的命令與其所使用的庫文件，復制網卡驅動，配置系統的初始化腳本init。此處用到了文章《LFS Bash腳本熱身任務 二》中的一個函數。
1 function cpy_bin_and_so() { # cmd=$1 : ls #dest_dir=$2 : /tmp 2 #usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root 3 #usage: cpy_bin_and_so cat /root/mirror 4 # func cmd dir 5 local cmd="$1" 6 local dest_dir="$2" 7 local fullpath="" 8 local dirpath="" 9 local filename=""10 local i=""11 12 if ! which "$cmd" &> /dev/null13 then14 echo "Usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root "15 echo "your input cmd:$cmd not found"16 return 117 fi18 19 if ! [ -d "$dest_dir" ]20 then21 echo "Usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root "22 echo "your input dir:$dest_dir not exist or not a dir"23 return 224 fi25 26 fullpath=`which "$cmd" | egrep -o "/[^[:space:]]+"` 27 #dirpath=`dirname $fullpath`28 29 #cpy bin & *.so30 for i in "$fullpath" `ldd $fullpath | egrep -o "/[^[:space:]]+"`31 do32 echo "$i"33 dirpath=`dirname $i`34 filename=`basename $i`35 [ -e "${dest_dir}${dirpath}" ] || mkdir -p ${dest_dir}${dirpath} 36 [ -d "${dest_dir}${dirpath}" ] || ( echo "error:${dest_dir}${dirpath} isn't a directory "; return 2 )37 cp -f ${i} ${dest_dir}${dirpath}/${filename}38 done39 40 return 041 }View Code 1 mkdir /mnt/sysroot/{etc,usr,var,PRoc,sys,dev,lib,lib64,bin,sbin,boot,srv,mnt,media,home,root} 2 declare i='' 3 for i in `ls /bin` insmod modprobe ifconfig busybox 4 do 5 cpy_bin_and_so $i /mnt/sysroot 6 done 7 8 mkdir /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules 9 cp /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules/10 11 cat > /mnt/sysroot/sbin/init << EOF12 #!/bin/bash13 mount -n -t proc proc /proc14 mount -n -t sysfs sysfs /sys15 insmod /lib/modules/e1000.ko16 ifconfig eth0 172.16.31.98/1617 ifconfig18 busybox clear19 echo ' '20 echo ' He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.21 22 --Friedrich Nietzsche23 '24 bash25 EOF26 27 chmod +x /mnt/sysroot/sbin/init28 29 30 sync31 umount ${dev}132 umount ${dev}233 echo "done :)"附錄Ⅰ 實驗結果
1.在宿主機上添加一新磁盤:
2.啟動宿主機，運行kernel.3.sh腳本，對新磁盤進行處理：
3.關閉宿主機，新建一虛擬機，加入處理后的磁盤，調整好boot啟動次序：
4.boot：
5.啟動完畢，檢查網絡設置：
6.重設eth0，檢測：
附錄Ⅱ 全部代碼
1 #!/bin/bash 2 #kernel_step3.sh 3 #author: Sen Han 4 #date: 21:29 2014/3/2 5 6 7 echo "input a device path like /dev/sd[a-z]" 8 read -p "input the device path:" dev 9 10 while ! [ -b "$dev" ] 11 do 12 if [ "$dev" = "quit" ] 13 then 14 exit 9 15 fi 16 echo "input a device path like /dev/sd[a-z]" 17 read -p "input the device path:" dev 18 done 19 20 echo "the next step will format the whole disk $dev" 21 read -p "input ENTER to quit,input y or yes to continue:" flag 22 23 if ! [ "$flag" = "y" -o "$flag" = "yes" ] 24 then 25 exit 8 26 fi 27 28 echo "delete MBR" 29 dd if=/dev/zero of=$dev bs=512 count=1 30 fdisk -l $dev 31 echo "auto partition" 32 echo "n 33 p 34 1 35 36 +100M 37 n 38 p 39 2 40 41 +512M 42 w 43 q 44 " | fdisk $dev &>/dev/null 45 fdisk -l $dev 46 mkfs -t ext3 "$dev"1 47 mkfs -t ext3 "$dev"2 48 49 [ -e /mnt/boot ] || mkdir /mnt/boot 50 [ -d /mnt/boot ] || ( echo "error:/mnt/boot isn't a directory "; exit 1 ) 51 [ -e /mnt/sysroot ] || mkdir /mnt/sysroot 52 [ -d /mnt/sysroot ] || ( echo "error:/mnt/sysroot isn't a directory "; exit 1 ) 53 54 mount "$dev"1 /mnt/boot 55 mount "$dev"2 /mnt/sysroot 56 57 58 function cpy_bin_and_so() { # cmd=$1 : ls #dest_dir=$2 : /tmp 59 #usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root 60 #usage: cpy_bin_and_so cat /root/mirror 61 # func cmd dir 62 local cmd="$1" 63 local dest_dir="$2" 64 local fullpath="" 65 local dirpath="" 66 local filename="" 67 local i="" 68 69 if ! which "$cmd" &> /dev/null 70 then 71 echo "Usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root " 72 echo "your input cmd:$cmd not found" 73 return 1 74 fi 75 76 if ! [ -d "$dest_dir" ] 77 then 78 echo "Usage: cpy_bin_and_so iptables /mnt/root " 79 echo "your input dir:$dest_dir not exist or not a dir" 80 return 2 81 fi 82 83 fullpath=`which "$cmd" | egrep -o "/[^[:space:]]+"` 84 #dirpath=`dirname $fullpath` 85 86 #cpy bin & *.so 87 for i in "$fullpath" `ldd $fullpath | egrep -o "/[^[:space:]]+"` 88 do 89 echo "$i" 90 dirpath=`dirname $i` 91 filename=`basename $i` 92 [ -e "${dest_dir}${dirpath}" ] || mkdir -p ${dest_dir}${dirpath} 93 [ -d "${dest_dir}${dirpath}" ] || ( echo "error:${dest_dir}${dirpath} isn't a directory "; return 2 ) 94 cp -f ${i} ${dest_dir}${dirpath}/${filename} 95 done 96 97 return 0 98 } 99 100 101 cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 /mnt/boot/102 cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img /mnt/boot/103 104 grub-install --root-directory=/mnt $dev105 106 cat > /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf <<EOF107 default=0108 timeout=5109 title step3110 root (hd0,0)111 kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/sbin/init112 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img113 EOF114 115 mkdir /mnt/sysroot/{etc,usr,var,proc,sys,dev,lib,lib64,bin,sbin,boot,srv,mnt,media,home,root}116 declare i=''117 for i in `ls /bin` insmod modprobe ifconfig busybox118 do119 cpy_bin_and_so $i /mnt/sysroot120 done121 122 mkdir /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules123 cp /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules/124 125 cat > /mnt/sysroot/sbin/init << EOF126 #!/bin/bash127 mount -n -t proc proc /proc128 mount -n -t sysfs sysfs /sys129 insmod /lib/modules/e1000.ko130 ifconfig eth0 172.16.31.98/16131 ifconfig132 busybox clear133 echo ' '134 echo ' He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.135 136 --Friedrich Nietzsche137 '138 bash139 EOF140 141 chmod +x /mnt/sysroot/sbin/init142 143 sync144 umount ${dev}1145 umount ${dev}2146 echo "done :)"View Code 新聞熱點
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