作者： 彭東林
郵箱： pengdonglin137@163.com
QQ: 405728433
開發板： tq2440
工具： Win7 + VMware + Debian6
U-boot版本： u-boot-2015.01
linux版本： 天嵌自帶的 linux-2.6.30.4
GCC版本: gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176)
之前由于移植過u-boot-2014.04到tq2440上，現在移植u-boot-2015.01的時候就不說那么詳細了，因為之前已經說的很詳細了，現在簡略移植一下。
在移植的時候，基本上是參考移植u-boot-2014.04時寫的文檔，可以到這里下載：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGxEYQq
首先說明一下u-boot-2015.01跟之前版本的差別從http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下載最新的u-boot版本，目前最新的是 u-boot-2015.01.tar.bz2
下面是解壓后得到的文件：
可以看到目錄內容跟u-boot-2014.04不同了，下面是u-boot-2014.04的頂層目錄內容：
其中最不同的就是我們所熟悉的在u-boot-2014.04中的boards.cfg和mkconfig沒有了，而同時又在u-boot-2015.01的頂層目錄下多出了一個configs目錄，還有一個Kconfig文件（這不是Linux內核所特有的嗎？），可以看到u-boot一直在學習Linux內核的配置和編譯方法。
在configs目錄下有很多默認的配置文件：
在Linux的arch/arm/configs下面也有很多默認的配置文件，Linux內核在配置的時候可以使用 make xxx_defconfig 來配置，
看樣子，u-boot也可以使用make xxx_defconfig，Linux內核還可以使用make menuconfig來配置，u-boot也可以使用make menuconfig來配置，下面我們用smdk2410為例實驗一下：
在u-boot-2015.01的configs目錄下有一個叫做smd2410_defconfig的配置文件，那么執行 make smd2410_defconfig
然后我們再執行make menuconfig試試：
果然如此。
我們選擇的是smdk2410的配置文件，在這里體現出來：
然后就可以編譯了， 直接執行 make 即可，剛開始會報錯：
原因是我們沒有指定交叉編譯工具鏈的名字，修改頂層的Makefile即可：
然后再執行make就可以編譯成功。
在以前的u-boot配置是總是有什么ARCH、CPU、BOARD和SOC之類的變量，同時編譯完成后會在include下生成一個叫做config.mk的文件，其中對這幾個變量賦值了，如:
但是在u-boot-2015.01編譯完成后，在include下面卻沒有config.mk了，只有autoconf.mk了，那它是怎么做的呢？
在u-boot-2015.01中執行完make smdk2410_defconfig后，會在頂層目錄中生成一個.config文件，我們大致看一下其中的內容：
可以看到，在.config中還是有ARCH、CPU、SOC以及BOARD之類的配置項，在頂層目錄下的config.mk中會使用.config中的配置：
在arch/Kconfig中對這幾個配置進行了說明：
config SYS_ARCH string help This option should contain the architecture name to build the apPRopriate arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH> directory. All the architectures should specify this option correctly.
config SYS_CPU string help This option should contain the CPU name to build the correct arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH>/cpu/<CONFIG_SYS_CPU> directory.
This is optional. For those targets without the CPU directory, leave this option empty.
config SYS_SOC string help This option should contain the SoC name to build the directory arch/<CONFIG_SYS_ARCH>/cpu/<CONFIG_SYS_CPU>/<CONFIG_SYS_SOC>.
This is optional. For those targets without the SoC directory, leave this option empty.
config SYS_VENDOR string help This option should contain the vendor name of the target board. If it is set and board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/common/Makefile exists, the vendor common directory is compiled. If CONFIG_SYS_BOARD is also set, the sources under board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD> directory are compiled.
This is optional. For those targets without the vendor directory, leave this option empty.
config SYS_BOARD string help This option should contain the name of the target board. If it is set, either board/<CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR>/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD> or board/<CONFIG_SYS_BOARD> directory is compiled depending on whether CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR is set or not.
This is optional. For those targets without the board directory, leave this option empty.
config SYS_CONFIG_NAME string help This option should contain the base name of board header file. The header file include/configs/<CONFIG_SYS_CONFIG_NAME>.h should be included from include/config.h.
同時在arch/Kconfig中又會加載其他目錄下的Kconfig，如 source “arch/arm/Kconfig”，在arch/arm/Kconfig中又會加載board目錄下的Kconfig，如 source “board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig”，下面我們看一下board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig中的內容：
不錯，就是在這里對.config中的那幾個配置賦了值，可以看到，第一個行用TARGET_SMDK2410進行了判斷，這個在arch/arm/Kconfig中：
意思是： 如果選擇的是smd2410，TARGET_SMDK2410會被選擇，然后board/samsung/smdk2410/Kconfig會對CONFIG_SYS_CPU、CONFIG_SYS_SOC、CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR、CONFIG_SYS_BOARD、CONFIG_SYS_CONFIG_NAME賦值：
先說到這里吧。
參考u-boot-2014.04移植手冊(TQ2440).pdf文檔
1. 清理一下剛才編譯的垃圾
make distclean
2. 拷貝
cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tq2440.h
cp configs/smdk2410_defconfig configs/tq2440_defconfig
將include/configs/tq2440.h中的smdk2410的信息注釋掉，注意不能使用 // 這種注釋方法，而必須使用 #if … #endif 或者 /**/，否則在編譯鏈接時會出錯，可能是u-boot的一個bug。
下面的內容就不說了，需要注意的是由于定義了宏CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD，代碼運行的過程跟以前有所不同，如在arch/arm/lib/crt0.S中的board_init_f和board_init_r分別調用的是common/board_f.c中的board_init_f和common/board_r.c中的board_init_r。
下面是patch的下載地址，目前僅支持norFlash和dm9000，還不支持nandflash等（可以參考u-boot-2014.04移植手冊完成）。
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJyqcMf
通過將天嵌自帶的內核uImage通過tftp下載到內存的0x30008000地址處，然后設置bootargs為"noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0"，然后設置machid為a8，使用bootm 0x30008000可以正確的啟動內核：
U-Boot 2015.01-gbfc9037-dirty (Jan 31 2015 - 18:49:33)
CPUID: 32440001 FCLK: 400 MHz HCLK: 100 MHz PCLK: 50 MHz DRAM: 64 MiB WARNING: Caches not enabled Flash: 2 MiB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Net: dm9000 TQ2440 # setenv bootargs 'noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0' TQ2440 # tftp 0x30008000 uImage dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46 DM9000: running in 16 bit mode MAC: 00:11:22:33:44:55 could not establish link Using dm9000 device TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6 Filename 'uImage'. Load address: 0x30008000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################### 1.5 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 2415820 (24dccc hex) TQ2440 # bootm 0x30008000 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.30.4-EmbedSky Created: 2015-01-31 11:08:47 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 2415756 Bytes = 2.3 MiB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008000 Verifying Checksum ... OK Loading Kernel Image ... OK Using machid 0xa8 from environment
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (pengdl@debian) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #1 Sat Jan 31 19:08:25 CST 2015 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177 CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine: TQ2440 Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 NR_IRQS:85 irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000 irq: clearing subpending status 00000003 irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes) Console: colour dummy device 80x30 console [ttySAC0] enabled Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64MB = 64MB total Memory: 59664KB available (4512K code, 454K data, 240K init, 0K highmem) SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=498688) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok net_namespace: 296 bytes NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36 S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 97 KHz s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 yaffs Jan 31 2015 19:04:20 Installing. msgmni has been set to 116 alg: No test for stdrng (krng) io scheduler noop registered (default) Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x17 fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device bkl initialized led initialized beep initialized adc initialized s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 loop: module loaded Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods PPP generic driver version 2.4.2 PPP Deflate Compression module registered PPP BSD Compression module registered PPP MPPE Compression module registered NET: Registered protocol family 24 PPPoL2TP kernel driver, V1.0 dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31 dm9000_set_io byte_width 4 dm9000_set_io byte_width 2 dm9000 revision 0x01 io_mode 00 Now use the default MAC address: 10:23:45:67:89:ab eth0 (dm9000): not using net_device_ops yet eth0: dm9000e at c4818000,c481c004 IRQ 51 MAC: 10:23:45:67:89:ab (EmbedSky) S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=2, 20ns Twrph0=3 30ns, Twrph1=2 20ns NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit) NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !! Scanning device for bad blocks Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "EmbedSky_Board_uboot" 0x000000200000-0x000000500000 : "EmbedSky_Board_kernel" 0x000000500000-0x000010000000 : "EmbedSky_Board_yaffs2" ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky ohci_hcd usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage USB Mass Storage support registered. usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial usbserial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for pl2303 usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver s3c2410_udc: debugfs dir creation failed -19 s3c2440-usbgadget s3c2440-usbgadget: S3C2440: increasing FIFO to 128 bytes mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice input: tq2440-keys as /devices/platform/tq2440-keys/input/input0 TQ2440 TouchScreen successfully loaded input: TQ2440 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input1 S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0 i2c /dev entries driver Linux video capture interface: v2.00 initializing s3c2440 camera interface...... s3c2440 camif init done Loading cam-dev driver......... ov9650 address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2 SAA7113 address 0x4A, manufacture 0xFF, expect 0x11 unreconize id found!show ID ov9650 address 0x60, product ID 0xFF, expect 0x7FA2 ov9650 init done! version=1 cx231xx v4l2 driver loaded. usbcore: registered new interface driver cx231xx usbcore: registered new interface driver usbvision USBVision USB Video Device Driver for Linux : 0.9.10 usbcore: registered new interface driver ov511 ov511: v1.64 for Linux 2.5:ov511 USB Camera Driver SE401 usb camera driver version 0.24 registering usbcore: registered new interface driver se401 usbcore: registered new interface driver stv680 stv680 [usb_stv680_init:1550] STV(i): usb camera driver version v0.25 registering<6>stv680: v0.25:STV0680 USB Camera Driver w9968cf: V4L driver for W996[87]CF JPEG USB Dual Mode Camera Chip 1:1.34-basic usbcore: registered new interface driver w9968cf usbcore: registered new interface driver zr364xx zr364xx: Zoran 364xx usbcore: registered new interface driver stkwebcam sn9c102: V4L2 driver for SN9C1xx PC Camera Controllers v1:1.47pre49 usbcore: registered new interface driver sn9c102 et61x251: V4L2 driver for ET61X[12]51 PC Camera Controllers v1:1.09 usbcore: registered new interface driver et61x251 pwc: Philips webcam module version 10.0.13 loaded. pwc: Supports Philips PCA645/646, PCVC675/680/690, PCVC720[40]/730/740/750 & PCVC830/840. pwc: Also supports the Askey VC010, various Logitech Quickcams, Samsung MPC-C10 and MPC-C30, pwc: the Creative WebCam 5 & Pro Ex, SOTEC Afina Eye and Visionite VCS-UC300 and VCS-UM100. usbcore: registered new interface driver Philips webcam zc0301: V4L2 driver for ZC0301[P] Image Processor and Control Chip v1:1.10 usbcore: registered new interface driver zc0301 gspca: main v2.5.0 registered usbcore: registered new interface driver conex conex: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver etoms etoms: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver finepix finepix: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mars mars: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mr97310a mr97310a: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov519 ov519: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov534 ov534: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac207 pac207: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac7311 pac7311: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixb sonixb: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixj sonixj: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca500 spca500: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca501 spca501: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca505 spca505: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca506 spca506: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca508 spca508: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca561 spca561: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905 sq905: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905c sq905c: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sunplus sunplus: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver stk014 stk014: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver t613 t613: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver tv8532 tv8532: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver vc032x vc032x: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx zc3xx: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ALi m5602 ALi m5602: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver STV06xx STV06xx: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ibmcam usbcore: registered new interface driver ultracam konicawc: v1.4:Konica Webcam driver usbcore: registered new interface driver konicawc usbcore: registered new interface driver vicam quickcam_messenger: v0.01:Logitech Quickcam Messenger USB usbcore: registered new interface driver QCM usbcore: registered new interface driver s2255 usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0) S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: starting watchdog timer s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog active, reset abled, irq enabled mapped channel 0 to 0 s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down. s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: initialisation done. s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down. usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.18a. No device for DAI UDA134X No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver UDA134X SoC Audio Codec asoc: UDA134X <-> s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok ALSA device list: #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X) TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-10-05 16:41:22 UTC (1380991282) yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" yaffs: passed flags "" yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2" yaffs: auto selecting yaffs2 yaffs: restored from checkpoint yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 1 VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2. Freeing init memory: 240K mount: mounting debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug failed: No such file or directory eth0: link down
Please press Enter to activate this console. eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1
[root@TQ2440 /]# [root@TQ2440 /]# [root@TQ2440 /]#
個人感覺，u-boot的架構做得會越來越像Linux內核。
完??！
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