根據新系統要求，經常要部署一些原來系統里沒有的字體，原先我為了圖省事經常會要求用戶手動安裝字體文件，雖然Windows的易用性做得相當不錯，但是仍然要照顧一些不會安裝字體的人，其實把這些字體打包進安裝包更為方便，不過我覺得總不能每有新字體都要搞個安裝包那么麻煩吧。更重要的是仍然有人會問我字體怎么安裝，以前清一色的Windows XP系統，我倒也方便，直接告知打開控制面板找到字體文件夾，把要安裝的字體拖進去即可；現在有Windows 7還是Windows 8等各種版本Windows系統，對于安裝字體這個小小操作我也開始分情況討論了。
使用特殊文件夾或者DESKTOP.INI方法
使用特殊文件夾方法
Windows保留了一種特殊文件夾引用，比如在Windows XP的情況下，新建一個文件夾，然后在文件夾重命名后綴.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}（注意以點號分隔），然后這個文件夾就變成了回收站的一個引用，當我們點擊進去的時候實際上進去的是回收站。
好了我在想對于字體是不是也可以搞個文件夾引用，這樣直接叫用戶把要安裝的字體拖進去即可，大家注意到這個成功的關鍵在于后面那段長長的ID號，那個學名叫做GUID，通?？梢酝ㄟ^注冊表查詢，主要路徑在于：
復制代碼代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer
比如回收站就位于下面的注冊表路徑：
復制代碼代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/Desktop/NameSpace
對于字體我也在如下路徑找到了：
復制代碼代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/ControlPanel/NameSpace
字體的GUID是{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}，但是當我新建一個文件夾并且名稱以.{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}（注意點號）結尾，當我點進去時卻不能進入字體文件夾，于是這個想法被驗證為失敗。
使用Desktop.ini方法
其實建立特殊文件夾還有一個方法就是采用文件夾的Desktop.ini，抱著試試的心態，我在文件夾內部建立了Desktop.ini，內容如下：
復制代碼代碼如下:
[.ShellClassInfo]
IconFile=%SystemRoot%/system32/SHELL32.dll
IconIndex=38
CLSID={D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}
很遺憾，依然不能直達字體目錄，所以這一種辦法也是行不通的。
本著方便群眾的想法，我決定做個小小的程序，當然我首先求助了萬能的Google。原本想搞個桌面程序來著，也找到老外現成的代碼FontReg – Windows Font Registration & Installation Utility。后來隨著研究的深入，突然發現這玩意兒用批處理或者腳本實現更為簡單。
CMD或BAT批處理安裝字體
通常情況下字體文件夾位于C:/Windows/Fonts，轉換為帶環境變量的通用版本為%SystemRoot%/Fonts/，我們也許想當然的認為將字體復制到這個路徑下就完成了安裝，其實不然，系統安裝字體不單單是將字體文件復制到這個路徑下，其還進行了其他操作，比如更新注冊表字體列表。通常情況下這個列表位于路徑如下：
復制代碼代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Fonts
于是對于批處理來說，網上安裝字體流程大概分為兩派，首先第一步復制到Fonts文件夾，這個是公認的，第二步則有不同：一派認為應該更新注冊表；另一派則傾向于使用AddFontResource這個函數。
使用AddFontResource更新系統字體列表
什么是AddFontResource函數？這是個Win32 API函數，位于gdi32.dll動態鏈接庫上，MSDN參考見這里。我們可以編譯調用這個函數，什么？“編譯”？貌似和這里講的批處理差遠了吧，別急，好在這個函數簽名不復雜，其有個AddFontResourceA的ANSI版本，這樣給我們直接外部通過rundll32調用提供了可能，例如下面的代碼片段：
復制代碼代碼如下:
rundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %SystemRoot%/Fonts/字體.ttf
具體的代碼如下（來源不詳，將該批處理和TTF字體位于同一路徑下，然后雙擊即可）：
復制代碼代碼如下:
for /f %%a in ('dir /x /b *.ttf') do (
dir %windir%fonts%%a>nul 2>nul||(copy %%a %windir%fonts>nul 2>nul&rundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %windir%fonts%%a)
)
實際操作來看，這段代碼在我的電腦上沒有產生任何效果。
使用注冊表更新系統字體列表
參考《Windows 7: Installing fonts via command line/script》這個帖子，找到下面的代碼：
- @ECHO OFF
- TITLE Adding Fonts..
- REM Filename: ADD_Fonts.cmd
- REM Script to ADD TrueType and OpenType Fonts for Windows
- REM By Islam Adel
- REM 2012-01-16
- REM How to use:
- REM Place the batch file inside the folder of the font files OR:
- REM Optional Add source folder as parameter with ending backslash and dont use quotes, spaces are allowed
- REM example "ADD_fonts.cmd" C:/Folder 1/Folder 2/
- IF NOT "%*"=="" SET SRC=%*
- ECHO.
- ECHO Adding Fonts..
- ECHO.
- FOR /F %%i in ('dir /b "%SRC%*.*tf"') DO CALL :FONT %%i
- REM OPTIONAL REBOOT
- REM shutdown -r -f -t 10 -c "Reboot required for Fonts installation"
- ECHO.
- ECHO Done!
- PAUSE
- EXIT
- :FONT
- ECHO.
- REM ECHO FILE=%~f1
- SET FFILE=%~n1%~x1
- SET FNAME=%~n1
- SET FNAME=%FNAME:-= %
- IF "%~x1"==".otf" SET FTYPE=(OpenType)
- IF "%~x1"==".ttf" SET FTYPE=(TrueType)
- ECHO FILE=%FFILE%
- ECHO NAME=%FNAME%
- ECHO TYPE=%FTYPE%
- COPY /Y "%SRC%%~n1%~x1" "%SystemRoot%/Fonts/"
- reg add "HKLM/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Fonts" /v "%FNAME% %FTYPE%" /t REG_SZ /d "%FFILE%" /f
- GOTO :EOF
仔細閱讀代碼后發現，這段批處理在復制字體并更新注冊表后居然要重啟電腦(汗~)，這種做法顯然對最終用戶不太友好，綜合以上我決定放棄批處理的方式安裝字體。
使用VBSCRIPT安裝字體
最后我還是干回老本行，使用VBScript腳本來實現這個功能。腳本的重點是采用Shell.ApplicationActiveX/COM對象實現復制到系統特殊文件夾下，實際上這個操作和用戶手動復制到字體文件夾下一樣，系統會自動為我們安裝字體而不需要我們顧及注冊表更新的問題，對于Vista及更高版本的系統來說，我參考了《The true ultimate font install for Windows 7 and XP vbs》的做法，使用.InvokeVerb("Install")直接調用字體文件對象的安裝命令。
詳細的代碼如下（請復制的朋友手下留情，保留版權信息，謝謝）：
復制代碼代碼如下:
'
' File Description : VBScript Windows Fonts Installer
'
' Copyright (c) 2012-2013 WangYe. All rights reserved.
'
' Author: WangYe
' This code is distributed under the BSD license
'
' Usage:
' Drag Font files or folder to this script
' or Double click this script file, It will install fonts on the current directory
' or select font directory to install
' *** 請不要移除此版權信息 ***
'
Option Explicit
Const FONTS = &H14&
Const HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = &H80000002
Const strComputer = "."
Const SHELL_MY_COMPUTER = &H11
Const SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE = 0
Const SHELL_OPTIONS = 0
Function GetOpenDirectory(title)
Dim ShlApp,ShlFdr,ShlFdrItem
Set ShlApp = WSH.CreateObject("Shell.Application")
Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.Namespace(SHELL_MY_COMPUTER)
Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
Set ShlFdr = Nothing
Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.BrowseForFolder _
(SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE, _
title, _
SHELL_OPTIONS, _
GetOpenDirectory)
If ShlFdr Is Nothing Then
GetOpenDirectory = ""
Else
Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
End If
Set ShlApp = Nothing
End Function
Function IsVista()
IsVista = False
Dim objWMIService, colOperationSystems, objOperationSystem
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!//" & strComputer & "/root/cimv2")
Set colOperationSystems = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem")
For Each objOperationSystem In colOperationSystems
If CInt(Left(objOperationSystem.Version, 1)) > 5 Then
IsVista = True
Exit Function
End If
Next
Set colOperationSystems = Nothing
Set objWMIService = Nothing
End Function
Class FontInstaller
Private objShell
Private objFolder
Private objRegistry
Private strKeyPath
Private objRegExp
Private objFileSystemObject
Private objDictFontFiles
Private objDictFontNames
Private pfnCallBack
Private blnIsVista
Public Property Get FileSystemObject
Set FileSystemObject = objFileSystemObject
End Property
Public Property Let CallBack(value)
pfnCallBack = value
End Property
Private Sub Class_Initialize()
strKeyPath = "Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Fonts"
Set objShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")
Set objFileSystemObject = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFolder = objShell.Namespace(FONTS)
Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set objDictFontNames = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set objRegistry = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!//" &_
strComputer & "/root/default:StdRegProv")
Set objRegExp = New RegExp
objRegExp.Global = False
objRegExp.Pattern = "^([^/(]+) /(.+$"
blnIsVista = IsVista()
makeFontNameList
makeFontFileList
End Sub
Private Sub Class_Terminate()
Set objRegExp = Nothing
Set objRegistry = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
objDictFontNames.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontNames = Nothing
Set objFileSystemObject = Nothing
Set objShell = Nothing
End Sub
Private Function GetFilenameWithoutExtension(ByVal FileName)
' http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/ebe19301-541a-412b-8e89-08c4263cc60b/get-filename-without-extension
Dim Result, i
Result = FileName
i = InStrRev(FileName, ".")
If ( i > 0 ) Then
Result = Mid(FileName, 1, i - 1)
End If
GetFilenameWithoutExtension = Result
End Function
Private Sub makeFontNameList()
On Error Resume Next
Dim strValue,arrEntryNames
objRegistry.EnumValues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, strKeyPath, arrEntryNames
For Each strValue in arrEntryNames
objDictFontNames.Add objRegExp.Replace(strValue, "$1"), strValue
Next
If Err.Number<>0 Then Err.Clear
End Sub
Private Sub makeFontFileList()
On Error Resume Next
Dim objFolderItem,colItems,objItem
Set objFolderItem = objFolder.Self
'Wscript.Echo objFolderItem.Path
Set colItems = objFolder.Items
For Each objItem in colItems
objDictFontFiles.Add GetFilenameWithoutExtension(objItem.Name),objItem.Name
Next
Set colItems = Nothing
Set objFolderItem = Nothing
If Err.Number<>0 Then Err.Clear
End Sub
Function getBaseName(ByVal strFileName)
getBaseName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
End Function
Public Function PathAddBackslash(strFileName)
PathAddBackslash = strFileName
If objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(strFileName) Then
Dim last
' 文件夾存在
' 截取最后一個字符
last = Right(strFileName, 1)
If last<>"/" And last<>"/" Then
PathAddBackslash = strFileName & "/"
End If
End If
End Function
Public Function isFontInstalled(ByVal strName)
isFontInstalled = objDictFontNames.Exists(strName) Or objDictFontFiles.Exists(strName)
End Function
Public Function isFontFileInstalled(ByVal strFileName)
isFontFileInstalled = isFontInstalled(objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName))
End Function
Public Sub installFromFile(ByVal strFileName)
Dim strExtension, strBaseFileName, objCallBack, nResult
strBaseFileName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
strExtension = UCase(objFileSystemObject.GetExtensionName(strFileName))
If Len(pfnCallBack) > 0 Then
Set objCallBack = GetRef(pfnCallBack)
Else
Set objCallBack = Nothing
End If
If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
If Not isFontInstalled(strBaseFileName) Then
If blnIsVista Then
Dim objFont, objFontNameSpace
Set objFontNameSpace = objShell.Namespace(objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName))
Set objFont = objFontNameSpace.ParseName(objFileSystemObject.GetFileName(strFileName))
'WSH.Echo objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName)
objFont.InvokeVerb("Install")
Set objFont = Nothing
Set objFontNameSpace = Nothing
Else
'WSH.Echo strFileName
objFolder.CopyHere strFileName
End If
nResult = 0
Else
nResult = 1
End If
Else
nResult = -1
End If
If IsObject(objCallBack) Then
objCallBack Me, strFileName, nResult
Set objCallBack = Nothing
End If
End Sub
Public Sub installFromDirectory(ByVal strDirName)
Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile
Set objFolder = objFileSystemObject.GetFolder(strDirName)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
For Each objFile in colFiles
If objFile.Size > 0 Then
installFromFile PathAddBackslash(strDirName) & objFile.Name
End If
Next
Set colFiles = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
End Sub
Public Sub setDragDrop(objArgs)
' http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/c488f3e0(v=vs.84).aspx
Dim i
For i = 0 to objArgs.Count - 1
If objFileSystemObject.FileExists(objArgs(i)) Then
installFromFile objArgs(i)
ElseIf objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(objArgs(i)) Then
installFromDirectory objArgs(i)
End If
Next
End Sub
End Class
Sub ForceCScriptExecution()
' https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4692542/force-a-vbs-to-run-using-cscript-instead-of-wscript
' http://www.winhelponline.com/articles/185/1/VBScripts-and-UAC-elevation.html
Dim Arg, Str
If Not LCase( Right( WScript.FullName, 12 ) ) = "/cscript.exe" Then
For Each Arg In WScript.Arguments
If InStr( Arg, " " ) Then Arg = """" & Arg & """"
Str = Str & " " & Arg
Next
If IsVista() Then
CreateObject( "Shell.Application" ).ShellExecute _
"cscript.exe","//nologo """ & _
WScript.ScriptFullName & _
""" " & Str, "", "runas", 1
Else
CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" ).Run _
"cscript //nologo """ & _
WScript.ScriptFullName & _
""" " & Str
End If
WScript.Quit
End If
End Sub
Sub DisplayMessage(ByRef objInstaller, ByVal strFileName, ByVal nResult)
WScript.StdOut.Write "Install " & objInstaller.getBaseName(strFileName) & " ->>> "
Select Case nResult
Case 0
WScript.StdOut.Write "SUCCEEDED"
Case 1
WScript.StdOut.Write "ALREADY INSTALLED"
Case -1
WScript.StdOut.Write "FAILED (Reason: Not a Font File)"
End Select
WScript.StdOut.Write vbCrLf
End Sub
Sub Pause(strPause)
WScript.Echo (strPause)
WScript.StdIn.Read(1)
End Sub
Function VBMain(colArguments)
VBMain = 0
ForceCScriptExecution()
WSH.Echo "Easy Font Installer 1.0" & vbCrLf &_
"Written By WangYe " & vbCrLf & vbCrLf
Dim objInstaller, objFso, objDictFontFiles
Set objInstaller = New FontInstaller
objInstaller.CallBack = "DisplayMessage"
If colArguments.Count > 0 Then
objInstaller.setDragDrop colArguments
Else
Set objFso = objInstaller.FileSystemObject
Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile, strDirName, strExtension
strDirName = objFso.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName)
Set objFolder = objFso.GetFolder(strDirName)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
For Each objFile in colFiles
If objFile.Size > 0 Then
strExtension = UCase(objFso.GetExtensionName(objFile.Name))
If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
objDictFontFiles.Add objFile.Name, objInstaller.PathAddBackslash(strDirName) & objFile.Name
End If
End If
Next
Set colFiles = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
Set objFso = Nothing
If objDictFontFiles.Count > 0 Then
If MsgBox("Current Directory has " & objDictFontFiles.Count & " Font Files." & vbCrLf &_
vbCrLf & "Click OK to continue install or Cancel to Select Directory", 1) = 1 Then
Dim i, objItems
For i = 0 To objDictFontFiles.Count-1
objItems = objDictFontFiles.Items
objInstaller.installFromFile objItems(i)
Next
Else
strDirName = GetOpenDirectory("Select Fonts Directory:")
If strDirName<>"" Then
objInstaller.installFromDirectory strDirName
Else
WScript.Echo "----- Drag Font File To This Script -----"
End If
End If
End If
objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
End If
Set objInstaller = Nothing
Pause vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Press Enter to continue"
End Function
WScript.Quit(VBMain(WScript.Arguments))
這個腳本的使用方法很簡單，將上述代碼保存為VBS文件，然后將要安裝的字體或者包含字體的文件夾拖放到這個腳本文件即可，還有個方法就是直接雙擊腳本，然后按照提示會自動安裝與腳本同路徑的字體文件或者提示選擇字體所在路徑以便于安裝。
還有一處值得注意的是：我對已經安裝的字體是采取建立字體列表，然后判斷當前安裝的字體是否存在于字體列表，字體列表的來源是已經安裝的字體在系統的注冊名（存在于注冊表中）和已經安裝的字體文件名。唯一遺憾的是我是通過比判斷安裝字體的文件名是否在字體列表中來判斷字體是否安裝，這里的問題主要是待安裝的字體文件名不一定與字體真實的名字一致，字體真實的名字是需要讀取二進制字體文件從中來獲取的，這樣腳本又復雜了，所以放棄了這種方式。
