以前沒有寫筆記的習慣,現在慢慢的發現及時總結是多么的重要了,呵呵。雖然才大二,但是也快要畢業了,要加油了。
這一篇文章主要關于java多線程,主要還是以例子來驅動的。因為講解多線程的書籍和文章已經很多了,所以我也不好意思多說,呵呵、大家可以去參考一些那些書籍。我這個文章主要關于實際的一些問題。同時也算是我以后復習的資料吧,。呵呵大家多多指教。
同時希望多結交一些技術上的朋友。謝謝。
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java中的多線程
在java中要想實現多線程,有兩種手段,一種是繼續Thread類,另外一種是實現Runable接口。
對于直接繼承Thread的類來說,代碼大致框架是:
}
public hello() {
}
public hello(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "運行 " + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1=new hello("A");
hello h2=new hello("B");
h1.run();
h2.run();
}
private String name;
}
}
public hello() {
}
public hello(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "運行 " + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1=new hello("線程A");
Thread demo= new Thread(h1);
hello h2=new hello("線程B");
Thread demo1=new Thread(h2);
demo.start();
demo1.start();
}
private String name;
}
關于選擇繼承Thread還是實現Runnable接口?
其實Thread也是實現Runnable接口的:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1 = new hello();
hello h2 = new hello();
hello h3 = new hello();
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count = 5;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he=new hello();
new Thread(he).start();
}
private int count = 5;
}
總結一下吧:
實現Runnable接口比繼承Thread類所具有的優勢:
1):適合多個相同的程序代碼的線程去處理同一個資源
2):可以避免java中的單繼承的限制
3):增加程序的健壯性,代碼可以被多個線程共享,代碼和數據獨立。
所以,本人建議大家勁量實現接口。
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
new Thread(he,"A").start();
new Thread(he,"B").start();
new Thread(he).start();
}
}
在java中,每次程序運行至少啟動2個線程。一個是main線程,一個是垃圾收集線程。因為每當使用java命令執行一個類的時候,實際上都會啟動一個JVM,每一個jVM實習在就是在操作系統中啟動了一個進程。
判斷線程是否啟動
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he);
System.out.println("線程啟動之前---》" + demo.isAlive());
demo.start();
System.out.println("線程啟動之后---》" + demo.isAlive());
}
}
線程的強制執行:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he,"線程");
demo.start();
for(int i=0;i<50;++i){
if(i>10){
try{
demo.join(); //強制執行demo
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("main 線程執行-->"+i);
}
}
}
線程的休眠:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "線程");
demo.start();
}
}
線程的中斷:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "線程");
demo.start();
try{
Thread.sleep(2000);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
demo.interrupt(); //2s后中斷線程
}
}
在java程序中,只要前臺有一個線程在運行,整個java程序進程不會小時,所以此時可以設置一個后臺線程,這樣即使java進程小時了,此后臺線程依然能夠繼續運行。
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "線程");
demo.setDaemon(true);
demo.start();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread h1=new Thread(new hello(),"A");
Thread h2=new Thread(new hello(),"B");
Thread h3=new Thread(new hello(),"C");
h1.setPriority(8);
h2.setPriority(2);
h3.setPriority(6);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
}
另外,主線程的優先級是5.
線程的禮讓。
在線程操作中,也可以使用yield()方法,將一個線程的操作暫時交給其他線程執行。
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread h1=new Thread(new hello(),"A");
Thread h2=new Thread(new hello(),"B");
h1.start();
h2.start();
}
}
同步和死鎖:
【問題引出】:比如說對于買票系統,有下面的代碼:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he=new hello();
Thread h1=new Thread(he);
Thread h2=new Thread(he);
Thread h3=new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count=5;
}
【同步代碼塊】:
語法格式:
synchronized(同步對象){
//需要同步的代碼
}
但是一般都把當前對象this作為同步對象。
比如對于上面的買票的問題,如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he=new hello();
Thread h1=new Thread(he);
Thread h2=new Thread(he);
Thread h3=new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count=5;
}
public synchronized void sale() {
if (count > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(count--);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread h1 = new Thread(he);
Thread h2 = new Thread(he);
Thread h3 = new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count = 5;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
}
/**
* 生產者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable{
private Info info=null;
Producer(Info info){
this.info=info;
}
public void run(){
boolean flag=false;
for(int i=0;i<25;++i){
if(flag){
this.info.setName("Rollen");
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setAge(20);
flag=false;
}else{
this.info.setName("chunGe");
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setAge(100);
flag=true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消費者類
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Info info=null;
public Consumer(Info info){
this.info=info;
}
public void run(){
for(int i=0;i<25;++i){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"<---->"+this.info.getAge());
}
}
}
/**
* 測試類
* */
class hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info=new Info();
Producer pro=new Producer(info);
Consumer con=new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
那么如何解決呢?
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1) <!--[endif]-->加入同步
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2) <!--[endif]-->加入等待和喚醒
先來看看加入同步會是如何。
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public synchronized void set(String name, int age){
this.name=name;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.age=age;
}
public synchronized void get(){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
}
/**
* 生產者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
Producer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
boolean flag = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
if (flag) {
this.info.set("Rollen", 20);
flag = false;
} else {
this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消費者類
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
/**
* 測試類
* */
class hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(info);
Consumer con = new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public synchronized void set(String name, int age){
if(!flag){
try{
super.wait();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.name=name;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.age=age;
flag=false;
super.notify();
}
public synchronized void get(){
if(flag){
try{
super.wait();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());
flag=true;
super.notify();
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
private boolean flag=false;
}
/**
* 生產者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
Producer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
boolean flag = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
if (flag) {
this.info.set("Rollen", 20);
flag = false;
} else {
this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消費者類
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
/**
* 測試類
* */
class hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(info);
Consumer con = new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
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