#include<stdlib.h>
main(){
system(“ls -al /etc/passwd /etc/shadow”);
}

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE * fp;
char buffer[80];
fp=popen(“cat /etc/passwd”,”r”);
fgets(buffer,sizeof(buffer),fp);
printf(“%s”,buffer);
pclose(fp);
}

#include<unistd.h>
main()
{
    char * argv[ ]={“ls”,”-al”,”/etc/passwd”,(char*) };

    if(vfork() = =0)
    {
        execv(“/bin/ls”,argv);
    }else{       
        printf(“This is the parent process/n”);
    }
}