snprintf函數的用法解析

2020-01-26 15:57:44

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int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char * restrict format, ...);
函數說明:最多從源串中拷貝n－1個字符到目標串中，然后再在后面加一個0。所以如果目標串的大小為n 的話，將不會溢出。
函數返回值:若成功則返回欲寫入的字符串長度，若出錯則返回負值。

Result1(推薦的用法)

復制代碼代碼如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
     char str[10]={0,};
     snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "0123456789012345678");
     printf("str=%s/n", str);
     return 0;
}

root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
str=012345678

Result2:(不推薦使用)

復制代碼代碼如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char str[10]={0, };
    snprintf(str, 18, "0123456789012345678");
    printf("str=%s/n", str);
    return 0;
}

root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
str=01234567890123456

snprintf函數返回值的測試：

復制代碼代碼如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char str1[10] ={0, };
    char str2[10] ={0, };
    int ret1=0,ret2=0;
    ret1=snprintf(str1, sizeof(str1), "%s", "abc");
    ret2=snprintf(str2, 4, "%s", "aaabbbccc");
    printf("aaabbbccc length=%d/n", strlen("aaabbbccc"));
    printf("str1=%s,ret1=%d/n", str1, ret1);
    printf("str2=%s,ret2=%d/n", str2, ret2);
    return 0;
}

[root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test
aaabbbccc length=9
str1=abc,ret1=3
str2=aaa,ret2=9

解釋SIZE：

復制代碼代碼如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char dst1[10] ={0, },dst2[10] ={0, };
char src1[10] ="aaa",src2[15] ="aaabbbcccddd";
int size=sizeof(dst1);
int ret1=0, ret2=0;
ret1=snprintf(dst1, size, "str :%s", src1);
ret2=snprintf(dst2, size, "str :%s", src2);
printf("sizeof(dst1)=%d, src1=%s, /"str :%%s/"=%s%s, dst1=%s, ret1=%d/n", sizeof(dst1), src1, "str :", src1, dst1, ret1);
printf("sizeof(dst2)=%d, src2=%s, /"str :%%s/"=%s%s, dst2=%s, ret2=%d/n", sizeof(dst2), src2, "str :", src2, dst2, ret2);
return 0;
}
root] /root/lindatest
$ ./test 
sizeof(dst1)=10, src1=aaa, "str :%s"=str :aaa, dst1=str :aaa, ret1=8
sizeof(dst2)=10, src2=aaabbbcccddd, "str :%s"=str :aaabbbcccddd, dst2=str :aaab, ret2=17