int pthread_create(pthread_t *tidp, const pthread_attr_t *attr, (void*)(*start_rtn)(void *), void *arg); //創建void pthread_exit(void *retval);　　　　　　　　　　　　//終止自身int pthread_cancel(pthread_t tid); 　 　　　　　　　　 //終止其他.發送終止信號后目標線程不一定終止，要調用join函數等待int pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **retval);　　 //阻塞并等待其他線程

int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);　　　　　　　　　　 //初始化屬性int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate); //設置分離狀態int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);　　　　　　　　　　 //銷毀屬性

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr); //初始化鎖int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //銷毀鎖int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //加鎖int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //嘗試加鎖，上面lock的非阻塞版本int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex); //解鎖

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cv, const pthread_condattr_t *cattr); //初始化int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);                 //銷毀 int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);     //等待條件int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);                 //通知,喚醒第一個調用pthread_cond_wait()而進入睡眠的線程

int pthread_equal(pthread_t t1, pthread_t t2); //比較線程IDint pthread_detach(pthread_t tid);       //分離線程pthread_t pthread_self(void);            //自身ID

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <pthread.h>  //linux環境中多線程的頭文件，非C語言標準庫，編譯時最后要加 -lpthread 調用動態鏈接庫//工作鏈表的結構typedef struct worker {  void *(*process)(void *arg);  //工作函數  void *arg;           //函數的參數  struct worker *next;}CThread_worker;//線程池的結構typedef struct {  pthread_mutex_t queue_lock;   //互斥鎖  pthread_cond_t queue_ready;  //條件變量/信號量  CThread_worker *queue_head;   //指向工作鏈表的頭結點，臨界區  int cur_queue_size;       //記錄鏈表中工作的數量，臨界區  int max_thread_num;       //最大線程數  pthread_t *threadid;      //線程ID  int shutdown;          //開關}CThread_pool;static CThread_pool *pool = NULL;  //一個線程池變量int pool_add_worker(void *(*process)(void *arg), void *arg);  //負責向工作鏈表中添加工作void *thread_routine(void *arg);  //線程例程//線程池初始化void pool_init(int max_thread_num){  int i = 0;  pool = (CThread_pool *) malloc (sizeof(CThread_pool));  //創建線程池  pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->queue_lock), NULL);   //互斥鎖初始化，參數為鎖的地址  pthread_cond_init( &(pool->queue_ready), NULL);   //條件變量初始化，參數為變量地址  pool->queue_head = NULL;  pool->cur_queue_size = 0;  pool->max_thread_num = max_thread_num;  pool->threadid = (pthread_t *) malloc(max_thread_num * sizeof(pthread_t));  for (i = 0; i < max_thread_num; i++) {    pthread_create(&(pool->threadid[i]), NULL, thread_routine, NULL); //創建線程, 參數為線程ID變量地址、屬性、例程、參數  }  pool->shutdown = 0;}//例程，調用具體的工作函數void *thread_routine(void *arg){  printf("starting thread 0x%x/n", (int)pthread_self());  while(1) {    pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->queue_lock));  //從工作鏈表中取工作，要先加互斥鎖，參數為鎖地址    while(pool->cur_queue_size == 0 && !pool->shutdown) {    //鏈表為空      printf("thread 0x%x is waiting/n", (int)pthread_self());      pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_ready), &(pool->queue_lock));  //等待資源，信號量用于通知。會釋放第二個參數的鎖，以供添加；函數返回時重新加鎖。    }    if(pool->shutdown) {      pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->queue_lock));     //結束開關開啟，釋放鎖并退出線程      printf("thread 0x%x will exit/n", (int)pthread_self());      pthread_exit(NULL);   //參數為void *    }    printf("thread 0x%x is starting to work/n", (int)pthread_self());    --pool->cur_queue_size;    CThread_worker *worker = pool->queue_head;    pool->queue_head = worker->next;    pthread_mutex_unlock (&(pool->queue_lock));   //獲取一個工作后釋放鎖    (*(worker->process))(worker->arg);   //做工作    free(worker);    worker = NULL;  }  pthread_exit(NULL);}//銷毀線程池int pool_destroy(){  if(pool->shutdown)   //檢測結束開關是否開啟，若開啟，則所有線程會自動退出    return -1;  pool->shutdown = 1;  pthread_cond_broadcast( &(pool->queue_ready) );   //廣播，喚醒所有線程，準備退出  int i;  for(i = 0; i < pool->max_thread_num; ++i)    pthread_join(pool->threadid[i], NULL);   //主線程等待所有線程退出，只有join第一個參數不是指針，第二個參數類型是void **，接收exit的返回值，需要強制轉換  free(pool->threadid);  CThread_worker *head = NULL;  while(pool->queue_head != NULL) {      //釋放未執行的工作鏈表剩余結點    head = pool->queue_head;    pool->queue_head = pool->queue_head->next;    free(head);  }  pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->queue_lock));   //銷毀鎖和條件變量  pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_ready));  free(pool);  pool=NULL;  return 0;}void *myprocess(void *arg){  printf("threadid is 0x%x, working on task %d/n", (int)pthread_self(), *(int*)arg);  sleep (1);  return NULL;}//添加工作int pool_add_worker(void *(*process)(void *arg), void *arg){  CThread_worker *newworker = (CThread_worker *) malloc(sizeof(CThread_worker));  newworker->process = process;  //具體的工作函數  newworker->arg = arg;  newworker->next = NULL;  pthread_mutex_lock( &(pool->queue_lock) );   //加鎖  CThread_worker *member = pool->queue_head;   //插入鏈表尾部  if( member != NULL ) {    while( member->next != NULL )      member = member->next;    member->next = newworker;  }  else {    pool->queue_head = newworker;  }  ++pool->cur_queue_size;  pthread_mutex_unlock( &(pool->queue_lock) );  //解鎖  pthread_cond_signal( &(pool->queue_ready) );  //通知一個等待的線程  return 0;}int main(int argc, char **argv){  pool_init(3);  //主線程創建線程池，3個線程  int *workingnum = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * 10);  int i;  for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {    workingnum[i] = i;    pool_add_worker(myprocess, &workingnum[i]);   //主線程負責添加工作，10個工作  }  sleep (5);  pool_destroy();   //銷毀線程池  free (workingnum);  return 0;}