花了一個月的時間，學習了鏈表，文件，多文件編程，然后就開始寫學生管理系統，比較簡單的那種，實現了增，添，改，查，多種排序，輸入的時候的限定，成績分析的功能。遇到的問題很多，也嘗試解決了，下面寫點寫學生管理系統的要注意的地方，希望對別人有幫助。
1.一定要先寫好主函數的框架，然后再往上面加東西，這樣說有點籠統，我把我的主函數在下面，可以借鑒下哈。我的主函數是一個while(1)的無限循環，里面一個switch選擇，利用一個菜單函數，讓其返回值當成switch選擇的值，然后進入不同的功能主函數，其他功能主函數和主函數的套路一樣。
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { login(); //這是個的介紹自己的函數 Sleep(1000); //睡眠函數 while(1) { switch(menu()) //主菜單選擇函數 { case 1: system("CLS"); //清屏函數 printf("/t/t________學生成績添加_______"); head=luru(); cr(head); int choice; scanf("%d",&choice); if(choice==0) break; case 2: system("CLS"); //printf("/t/t_________學生成績排序和刪除___/d"); paxu(); int end; scanf("%d",&end); if(end==0) break; case 3: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t__________成績的修改__________"); xg(); int a; scanf("%d",&a); if(a==0) break; case 4: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t___________學生信息分析_______"); fx(); int b; scanf("%d",&b); if(b==0) break; case 5: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t___________謝謝使用哈_______/n"); Sleep(1000); exit(-1); break; } system("PAUSE"); } return 0;}
2.輸入模塊一定要注意輸入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次處理好一個節點后就讓用戶判定是否繼續輸入，在格式控制方面，我當用戶輸入一次，就判定它是否符號規范，如果不規范，就重新輸入。最后存入文件中。
3.一定要把函數寫的利用率高一點，這樣就可以減少代碼的重復書寫，這個全憑自己的寫代碼的風格了，我自己在這點也沒有做太好，反省中，以前剛開始學c的時候有人說c語言的主體是函數，不太懂，等寫完這個，感覺說的真的很對，c語言的函數寫好后，在該用的時候直接引用，很方便。
完整代碼
主函數
main.c
#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include "student.h" #include <string.h>/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { login(); //struct student *head; Sleep(1000); while(1) { switch(menu()) { case 1: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t________學生成績添加_______"); head=luru(); cr(head); int choice; scanf("%d",&choice); if(choice==0) break; case 2: system("CLS"); //printf("/t/t_________學生成績排序和刪除___/d"); paxu(); int end; scanf("%d",&end); if(end==0) break; case 3: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t__________成績的修改__________"); xg(); int a; scanf("%d",&a); if(a==0) break; case 4: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t___________學生信息分析_______"); fx(); int b; scanf("%d",&b); if(b==0) break; case 5: system("CLS"); printf("/t/t___________謝謝使用哈_______/n"); Sleep(1000); exit(-1); break; } system("PAUSE"); } return 0;}函數聲明
student.h
#include <stdio.h>struct student *temp;struct student *head;struct student{ int num; char name[6]; int yw; int sx; int yy; struct student*next;};int menu();void login();struct student* luru();void cr(struct student *h);struct student*cc();int menu1();void paxu();void px1();void px2();void px3();void px4();void sanch();void tj();void xg();void fx();函數定義
student.c
#include <stdio.h>#include "student.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>int menu(){ char n; do{ system("cls"); printf("/t/t/t|-------------------------------------------------|/n"); printf("/t/t/t| *****學生管理系統***** |/n"); printf("/t/t/t|-------------------------------------------------|/n"); printf("/t/t/t| 1.學生成績錄入 |/n"); printf("/t/t/t| 2.學生成績排序和刪除 |/n"); printf("/t/t/t| 3.成績的修改 |/n"); printf("/t/t/t| 4.學生成績分析 |/n"); printf("/t/t/t| 5.退出程序 |/n"); printf("/t/t/t---------------------------------------------------/n"); printf("請選擇1-5："); n=getch(); }while(n<'0'||n>'5'); return(n-48);}void login(){ printf("/n/n/n/t/t/t 學生信息管理系統/n/n"); printf("/t/t/t 版本號：0.2/n/n"); printf("/n/n/n/n/t/t/t 2017年5月10日/n/n"); printf("/n/n/t/t/t sakurakid/n");} struct student *luru(){ struct student*rhead ,*r,*t,*stu; rhead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); t=rhead; rhead->next=NULL; char xx; int flag=1; printf("/t/t_____________________________/n"); printf("/t/t| 學生管理系統 |/n"); printf("/t/t_____________________________/n"); printf("/t/t| |/n"); printf("/t/t| 輸入1添加 |/n"); printf("/t/t| 輸入0退出 |/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n"); while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0') { xx=getch(); } if(xx=='1') { system("CLS"); do{ system("CLS"); stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); printf("/t/t_____________________________/n"); printf("/t/t| 學生管理系統 |/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t| |/n"); printf("/t/t| 輸入1添加 |/n"); printf("/t/t| 輸入0退出 |/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t學號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num); if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_請輸入8位非負數__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入學號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num); } printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name); if(stu->name[0] > 0) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t______姓名請輸入漢字__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name); } printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy); if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_成績請輸入0-100之間__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入成績/n"); printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy); } t->next=stu; t=stu; xx = getch(); printf("繼續輸入請按1，退出請按0："); while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0') { xx=getch(); } }while(xx=='1'); t->next=NULL; } return (rhead);}void cr(struct student *h){ struct student *stu; FILE*fp; if((fp=fopen("學生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL) { printf("文件出錯233，按任意鍵退出！"); getch(); exit(1); } for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next) { fprintf(fp,"%d %s %d %d %d/n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy); } fclose(fp);}struct student*cc(){ struct student*ahead,*r,*stu; FILE*f1; f1=fopen("學生信息.txt","rt"); ahead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); ahead->next=NULL; r=ahead; while(!feof(f1)) { stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); fscanf(f1,"%d %s %d %d %d/n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy); r->next=stu; r=stu; } r->next=NULL; fclose(f1); return ahead; }int menu1(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ system("CLS"); printf("/t/t__________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t| |/n"); printf("/t/t| 1.順序排序 2.按英語排序 3.按語文排序 |/n"); printf("/t/t| 4.按數學排序 5.刪除學生 6.添加學生 |/n"); printf("/t/t| |/n"); printf("/t/t|______________按0退出___________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t請選擇0-6："); n=getch(); }while(n<'0'||n>'6'); return (n-48); } void paxu(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ switch(menu1()) { case 1: px1(); break; case 2: system("CLS"); px2(); break; case 3: system("CLS"); px3(); break; case 4: system("CLS"); px4(); break; case 5: system("CLS"); sanch(); break; case 6: system("CLS"); tj(); break; } printf("繼續輸入請按1，退出請按0："); n=getch(); while(n!='1'&&n!='0') { n=getch(); } }while(n=='1'); if(n=='0') return;}void px1(){ struct student *t,*h; h=cc(); printf("/n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","學號","姓名","語文","數學","英語","平均分","總分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px2(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){ if(p->yy < q->yy) { tnum=p->num; p->num=q->num; q->num=tnum; strcpy(tname,p->name); strcpy(p->name,q->name); strcpy(q->name,tname); tyw=p->yw; p->yw=q->yw; q->yw=tyw; tsx=p->sx; p->sx=q->sx; q->sx=tsx; tyy=p->yy; p->yy=q->yy; q->yy=tyy; } } } printf("/t/t 英語排序 /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","學號","姓名","語文","數學","英語","平均分","總分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px3(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){ if(p->yw < q->yw) { tnum=p->num; p->num=q->num; q->num=tnum; strcpy(tname,p->name); strcpy(p->name,q->name); strcpy(q->name,tname); tyw=p->yw; p->yw=q->yw; q->yw=tyw; tsx=p->sx; p->sx=q->sx; q->sx=tsx; tyy=p->yy; p->yy=q->yy; q->yy=tyy; } } } printf("/t/t 語文排序 /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","學號","姓名","語文","數學","英語","平均分","總分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px4(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){ if(p->sx < q->sx) { tnum=p->num; p->num=q->num; q->num=tnum; strcpy(tname,p->name); strcpy(p->name,q->name); strcpy(q->name,tname); tyw=p->yw; p->yw=q->yw; q->yw=tyw; tsx=p->sx; p->sx=q->sx; q->sx=tsx; tyy=p->yy; p->yy=q->yy; q->yy=tyy; } } } printf("/t/t 數學排序 /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","學號","姓名","語文","數學","英語","平均分","總分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void sanch(){ px1(); struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; phead=cc(); int n; int flag=0; printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________刪除學生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t請輸入要刪除的學生學號："); scanf("%d",&n); p=phead; for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next) { if(m->num==n) { printf("/t/t已經查到改學生的信息/n"); flag=0; break; } else flag=1; } if(flag==1) printf("/t/t抱歉，沒有查到該學生的信息/n"); if(flag==0) { if(phead->num==n) { phead=phead->next; } else { while(p->num!=n && p->next!=NULL) { t=p; p=p->next; } if(p->num==n) { t->next=p->next; } } printf("/t/t該學生信息已刪除/n"); } cr(phead);}void tj(){ struct student *phead,*stu; phead=cc(); printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________添加學生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); printf("/t/t學號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num); if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_請輸入8位非負數__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入學號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num); } printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name); if(stu->name[0] > 0) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t______姓名請輸入漢字__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name); } printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy); if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_成績請輸入0-100之間__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入成績/n"); printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy); } stu->next=phead->next; phead->next=stu; printf("/t/t學生信息已存入/n"); cr(phead);}void xg(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ system("CLS"); px1(); struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; int flag=0; int timp; phead=cc(); printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________修改學生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t請輸入要修改的學生學號："); scanf("%d",&timp); p=phead; for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next) { if(m->num==timp) { printf("/t/t已經查到改學生的信息/n"); flag=0; break; } else flag=1; } if(flag==1) printf("/t/t抱歉，沒有查到該學生的信息/n"); if(flag==0) { printf("/t/t該學生的原信息如下/n"); printf("/t/t學號：%d/n",m->num); printf("/t/t姓名：%s/n",m->name); printf("/t/t語文：%d/n",m->yw); printf("/t/t數學：%d/n",m->sx); printf("/t/t英語：%d/n/n",m->yy); printf("/t/t請重新輸入該學生的信息/n"); printf("/t/t學號: ");scanf("%d",&m->num); if(m->num > 99999999||m->num < 10000000) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_請輸入8位非負數__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入學號: ");scanf("%d",&m->num); } printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name); if(m->name[0] > 0) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t______姓名請輸入漢字__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name); } printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy); if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100) { printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t_成績請輸入0-100之間__/n"); printf("/t/t______________________/n"); printf("/t/t重新輸入成績/n"); printf("/t/t語文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw); printf("/t/t數學: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx); printf("/t/t英語: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy); } printf("/t/t該學生信息已修改/n"); cr(phead); } printf("繼續修改請按1，退出請按0："); n=getch(); while(n!='1'&&n!='0') { n=getch(); } }while(n=='1'); if(n=='0') return;} void fx(){ struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; int flag=0; int jyw=0; int jsx=0; int jyy=0; int timp; int n=0; phead=cc(); p=phead; for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { n++; if(t->sx>=60) jsx++; if(t->yw>=60) jyw++; if(t->yy>=60) jyy++; } printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________學生成績分析_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t一共錄入了%d個學生成績/n",n); printf("/t/t語文及格人數為%d/n",jyw); printf("/t/t數學及格人數為%d/n",jsx); printf("/t/t英語及格人數為%d/n",jyy); printf("/t/t分析完畢/n"); printf("退出請按0："); }總結
以上就是我要說的了哈，忙了一個月，學的東西也都用上了，只要鏈表，文件會的話，寫個簡單的學生管理系統很簡單的，希望對大家有幫助，自己也要學新東西了，如果有問題的話，歡迎支持大家指出，其實還有很多功能自己沒寫，比如多端登陸，圖形界面等等，跟別人的差距蠻大的。
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以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持武林網。
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