從個(gè)小例子開始:
int[] intArray = new int[]{2,3,6,1,4,5};
Array.Sort(intArray);
Array.ForEach<int>(intArray,(i)=>Console.WriteLine(i));
這個(gè)例子定義了一個(gè)int數(shù)組,然后使用Array.Sort(arr)靜態(tài)方法對(duì)此數(shù)組進(jìn)行排序,最后輸出排序后的數(shù)組。以上例子將毫無意外的依次輸出1,2,3,4,5,6.
為什么Array的Sort方法可以正確的對(duì)int數(shù)組進(jìn)行排序呢,我們自定義類可以嗎?試試看,如下代碼:
public class Student
{
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Score { get; set; }
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Student[] students = new Student[]{
new Student(){Age = 10,Name="張三",Score=70},
new Student(){Age = 12,Name="李四",Score=97},
new Student(){Age = 11,Name="王五",Score=80},
new Student(){Age = 9,Name="趙六",Score=66},
new Student(){Age = 12,Name="司馬",Score=90},
};
Console.WriteLine("--------------默認(rèn)排序輸出--------");
Array.Sort(students);
Array.ForEach<Student>(students,(s)=>Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}",s.Name,s.Age,s.Score)));
Console.Read();
}
我們定義了Student類然后同樣對(duì)他的數(shù)組進(jìn)行排序,程序正確的編譯通過,但是運(yùn)行出錯(cuò),運(yùn)行時(shí)拋出了異常:System.InvalidOperationException{"Failed to compare two elements in the array."},這個(gè)異常的InnerException是ArgumentException{"At least one object must implement IComparable."};運(yùn)行時(shí)異常說明:我們要使用Array.Sort(arr)靜態(tài)方法,必須得保證數(shù)組中有一個(gè)元素實(shí)現(xiàn)IComparable接口。既然如此我們就讓Student類實(shí)現(xiàn)IComparable接口.
public class Student :IComparable
{
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Score { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 實(shí)現(xiàn)IComparable接口,用Age做比較
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj">比較對(duì)象</param>
/// <returns>比較結(jié)果</returns>
public int CompareTo(object obj)
{
if (obj is Student)
{
return Age.CompareTo(((Student)obj).Age);
}
return 1;
}
}
在Student類中實(shí)現(xiàn)了IComparable接口,在CompareTo方法中比較Student的Age屬性,這一次再次編譯運(yùn)行,程序正常的輸出了按照年齡排序的Student數(shù)組。
假如說我們要對(duì)Student的Score屬性進(jìn)行排序該怎么辦呢? Student類實(shí)現(xiàn)的IComparable接口只能按照一種屬性排序呀。
這個(gè)是很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的.net的類庫開發(fā)者早為我們準(zhǔn)備了另一個(gè)接口IComparer<T>接口用來實(shí)現(xiàn)比較類型T的兩個(gè)實(shí)例。如下StudentScoreComparer類實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)Student按照Score屬性比較的IComparer<Student>
public class StudentScoreComparer : IComparer<Student>
{
public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
{
return x.Score.CompareTo(y.Score);
}
}
現(xiàn)在我們可以使用下面代碼對(duì)Student數(shù)組按照Score屬性進(jìn)行排序:
Console.WriteLine("----------按分?jǐn)?shù)排序輸出------------");
Array.Sort(students, new StudentScoreComparer());
Array.ForEach<Student>(students, (s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}", s.Name, s.Age, s.Score)));
不過一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的按照Score屬性排序,再定義一個(gè)類是不是有點(diǎn)大題小作呀,有沒有更好的辦法呢?當(dāng)然有. .net為我們準(zhǔn)備了比較對(duì)象大小的委托Comparison<T>我們可以使用拉姆達(dá)表達(dá)式或者匿名委托直接排序,如下代碼實(shí)現(xiàn):
Console.WriteLine("----------按分?jǐn)?shù)排序輸出----------");
Array.Sort(students, (s1, s2) => s1.Score.CompareTo(s2.Score));
Array.ForEach<Student>(students, (s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}", s.Name, s.Age, s.Score)));
完整代碼示例如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace SortingInCSharp
{
class Program
{
public class Student : IComparable
{
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Score { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 實(shí)現(xiàn)IComparable接口,用Age做比較
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj">比較對(duì)象</param>
/// <returns>比較結(jié)果</returns>
public int CompareTo(object obj)
{
if (obj is Student)
{
return Age.CompareTo(((Student)obj).Age);
}
return 1;
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Student[] students = new Student[]{
new Student(){Age = 10,Name="張三",Score=70},
new Student(){Age = 12,Name="李四",Score=97},
new Student(){Age = 11,Name="王五",Score=80},
new Student(){Age = 9,Name="趙六",Score=66},
new Student(){Age = 12,Name="司馬",Score=90},
};
Console.WriteLine("--------------默認(rèn)排序輸出--------");
Array.Sort(students);
Array.ForEach<Student>(students, (s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}", s.Name, s.Age, s.Score)));
Console.WriteLine("----------按分?jǐn)?shù)排序輸出------------");
Array.Sort(students, new StudentScoreComparer());
Array.ForEach<Student>(students, (s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}", s.Name, s.Age, s.Score)));
Console.WriteLine("----------按分?jǐn)?shù)排序輸出----------");
Array.Sort(students, (s1, s2) => s1.Score.CompareTo(s2.Score));
Array.ForEach<Student>(students, (s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1,2}歲了,他的分?jǐn)?shù)是{2,3}", s.Name, s.Age, s.Score)));
Console.Read();
}
public class StudentScoreComparer : IComparer<Student>
{
public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
{
return x.Score.CompareTo(y.Score);
}
}
}
}
總結(jié):
在C#中有三個(gè)關(guān)于比較對(duì)象大小的接口,分別是IComparable、IComparable<T>和IComparer<T>。 IComparable和IComparable<T>是類本身實(shí)現(xiàn)的在實(shí)例之間比較大小的行為定義。IComparer<T>是定義在被比較類之外的專門比較兩個(gè)T類型對(duì)象大小的行為,另外還有一個(gè)用于比較的委托定義Comparison<T>可以讓我們用拉姆達(dá)表達(dá)式或者匿名委托或方法更方便的排序。