本文實例講述了C#實現矩陣加法、取負、數乘、乘法的方法。分享給大家供大家參考。具體如下：
1.幾個基本函數
1）判斷一個二維數組是否為矩陣：如果每行的列數都相等則是矩陣，沒有元素的二維數組是矩陣
/// <summary>/// 判斷一個二維數組是否為矩陣/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix">二維數組</param>/// <returns>true:是矩陣 false:不是矩陣</returns>private static bool isMatrix(double[][] matrix){ //空矩陣是矩陣 if (matrix.Length < 1) return true; //不同行列數如果不相等，則不是矩陣 int count = matrix[0].Length; for (int i = 1; i < matrix.Length; i++) { if (matrix[i].Length != count) { return false; } } //各行列數相等，則是矩陣 return true;}2）計算一個矩陣的行數和列數：就是計算兩個維度的Length屬性
/// <summary>/// 計算一個矩陣的行數和列數/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix">矩陣</param>/// <returns>數組：行數、列數</returns>private static int[] MatrixCR(double[][] matrix){ //接收到的參數不是矩陣則報異常 if (!isMatrix(matrix)) { throw new Exception("接收到的參數不是矩陣"); } //空矩陣行數列數都為0 if (!isMatrix(matrix) || matrix.Length == 0) { return new int[2] { 0, 0 }; } return new int[2] { matrix.Length, matrix[0].Length };}3）向控制臺打印矩陣：注意，如果前后都是兩個char類型的量，則運算符+會把前后兩個字符轉化為整數相加，而不會將前后字符視為字符串連接
/// <summary>/// 打印矩陣/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix">待打印矩陣</param>private static void PrintMatrix(double[][] matrix){ for (int i = 0; i < matrix.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].Length; j++) { Console.Write(matrix[i][j] + "/t"); //注意不能寫為：Console.Write(matrix[i][j] + '/t'); } Console.WriteLine(); }}2.矩陣加法
/// <summary>/// 矩陣加法/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix1">矩陣1</param>/// <param name="matrix2">矩陣2</param>/// <returns>和</returns>private static double[][] MatrixAdd(double[][] matrix1, double[][] matrix2){ //矩陣1和矩陣2須為同型矩陣 if (MatrixCR(matrix1)[0] != MatrixCR(matrix2)[0] || MatrixCR(matrix1)[1] != MatrixCR(matrix2)[1]) { throw new Exception("不同型矩陣無法進行加法運算"); } //生成一個與matrix1同型的空矩陣 double[][] result = new double[matrix1.Length][]; for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { result[i] = new double[matrix1[i].Length]; } //矩陣加法：把矩陣2各元素值加到矩陣1上，返回矩陣1 for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < result[i].Length; j++) { result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j]; } } return result;}3.矩陣取負
/// <summary>/// 矩陣取負/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix">矩陣</param>/// <returns>負矩陣</returns>private static double[][] NegtMatrix(double[][] matrix){ //合法性檢查 if (!isMatrix(matrix)) { throw new Exception("傳入的參數并不是一個矩陣"); } //參數為空矩陣則返回空矩陣 if (matrix.Length == 0) { return new double[][] { }; } //生成一個與matrix同型的空矩陣 double[][] result = new double[matrix.Length][]; for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { result[i] = new double[matrix[i].Length]; } //矩陣取負：各元素取相反數 for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < result[0].Length; j++) { result[i][j] = -matrix[i][j]; } } return result;}4.矩陣數乘
/// <summary>/// 矩陣數乘/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix">矩陣</param>/// <param name="num">常數</param>/// <returns>積</returns>private static double[][] MatrixMult(double[][] matrix, double num){ //合法性檢查 if (!isMatrix(matrix)) { throw new Exception("傳入的參數并不是一個矩陣"); } //參數為空矩陣則返回空矩陣 if (matrix.Length == 0) { return new double[][] { }; } //生成一個與matrix同型的空矩陣 double[][] result = new double[matrix.Length][]; for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { result[i] = new double[matrix[i].Length]; } //矩陣數乘：用常數依次乘以矩陣各元素 for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < result[0].Length; j++) { result[i][j] = matrix[i][j] * num; } } return result;}5.矩陣乘法
/// <summary>/// 矩陣乘法/// </summary>/// <param name="matrix1">矩陣1</param>/// <param name="matrix2">矩陣2</param>/// <returns>積</returns>private static double[][] MatrixMult(double[][] matrix1, double[][] matrix2){ //合法性檢查 if (MatrixCR(matrix1)[1] != MatrixCR(matrix2)[0]) { throw new Exception("matrix1 的列數與 matrix2 的行數不想等"); } //矩陣中沒有元素的情況 if (matrix1.Length == 0 || matrix2.Length == 0) { return new double[][] { }; } //matrix1是m*n矩陣，matrix2是n*p矩陣，則result是m*p矩陣 int m = matrix1.Length, n = matrix2.Length, p = matrix2[0].Length; double[][] result = new double[m][]; for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++) { result[i] = new double[p]; } //矩陣乘法：c[i,j]=Sigma(k=1→n,a[i,k]*b[k,j]) for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < p; j++) { //對乘加法則 for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) { result[i][j] += (matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j]); } } } return result;}6.函數調用示例
1）Main函數代碼
static void Main(string[] args){ //示例矩陣 double[][] matrix1 = new double[][] { new double[] { 1, 2, 3 }, new double[] { 4, 5, 6 }, new double[] { 7, 8, 9 } }; double[][] matrix2 = new double[][] { new double[] { 2, 3, 4 }, new double[] { 5, 6, 7 }, new double[] { 8, 9, 10 } }; //矩陣加法 PrintMatrix(MatrixAdd(matrix1, matrix2)); Console.WriteLine(); //矩陣取負 PrintMatrix(NegtMatrix(matrix1)); Console.WriteLine(); //矩陣數乘 PrintMatrix(MatrixMult(matrix1, 3)); Console.WriteLine(); //矩陣乘法 PrintMatrix(MatrixMult( new double[][] { new double[]{ 4, -1, 2 }, new double[]{ 1, 1, 0 }, new double[]{ 0, 3, 1 }}, new double[][] { new double[]{ 1, 2 }, new double[]{ 0, 1 }, new double[]{ 3, 0 }})); Console.WriteLine(); Console.ReadLine();}2）示例運行結果
希望本文所述對大家的C#程序設計有所幫助。
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