本文實例分析了C#實現的24點游戲。分享給大家供大家參考。具體如下:
1. 24點游戲規則及算法
規則:給出4個自然數,找出能夠求出24的四則運算式,要求數字不能重復使用
分析:
本算法是一種暴力求解法:
給出任意兩個數字,可以進行6種四則運算,求出最多6個值。以數字a和b為例,有:
加(a+b)、減(a-b)、被減(b-a)、乘以(a*b)、除以(a/b)和除(b/a)
abcd共計四個數,如果順序固定,則有5種計算順序(★代表上面6種四則運算中的一種):
((a★b)★c)★d、(a★b)★(c★d)、(a★(b★c))★d、a★((b★c)★d)、a★(b★(c★d))
給出的四個數字,n1n2n3n4,有4*3*2=24種全排列的方法
2. 相關函數
/// <summary>/// 判斷abcd四個數進行任意四則運算后能不能得出24,每個數字只能用一次/// </summary>/// <param name="a">數字a</param>/// <param name="b">數字b</param>/// <param name="c">數字c</param>/// <param name="d">數字d</param>/// <param name="expression"></param>/// <returns></returns>private static bool Try24(int a, int b, int c, int d, ref string expression){ //a字頭 if (TryEach(a, b, c, d, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(a, b, d, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(a, c, b, d, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(a, c, d, b, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(a, d, b, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(a, d, c, b, ref expression)) return true; //b字頭 if (TryEach(b, a, c, d, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(b, a, d, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(b, c, a, d, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(b, c, d, a, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(b, d, a, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(b, d, c, a, ref expression)) return true; //c字頭 if (TryEach(c, a, b, d, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(c, a, d, b, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(c, b, a, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(c, b, c, a, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(c, d, a, b, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(c, d, b, a, ref expression)) return true; //d字頭 if (TryEach(d, a, b, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(d, a, c, b, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(d, b, a, c, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(d, b, c, a, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(d, c, a, b, ref expression)) return true; if (TryEach(d, c, b, a, ref expression)) return true; return false;}/// <summary>/// 判斷指定順序的四個數abcd進行任意四則運算后能不能得出24,每個數字只能用一次/// </summary>/// <param name="a">數字1</param>/// <param name="b">數字2</param>/// <param name="c">數字3</param>/// <param name="d">數字4</param>/// <param name="expression"></param>/// <returns></returns>private static bool TryEach(int a, int b, int c, int d, ref string expression){ expression = ""; //兩個數可以做6種運算:加、減、被減、乘以、除以、除 //四個數共可以進行6*6*6=216種不同次序的四則運算 //初始化數組 for (int i = 0; i < 6 * 6 * 6; i++) { //a與b間的運算符:i / 36 //b與c間的運算符:i % 36 / 6 //c與d間的運算符:i % 6 //1.運算順序:a和b,再和c,再和d { string expression1 = "", expression2 = ""; int temp1 = ResultOf(a, b, i / 36, ref expression1); int temp2 = ResultOf(temp1, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression2, expression1); int result = ResultOf(temp2, d, i % 6, ref expression, expression2); if (result == 24) return true; } //2.運算順序:a和b,c和d,前面部分和后面部分 { string expression1 = "", expression2 = ""; int temp1 = ResultOf(a, b, i / 36, ref expression1); int temp2 = ResultOf(c, d, i % 6, ref expression2); int result = ResultOf(temp1, temp2, i % 36 / 6, ref expression, expression1, expression2); if (result == 24) return true; } //3.運算順序:b和c運算,再與a運算,再與d運算 { string expression1 = "", expression2 = ""; int temp1 = ResultOf(b, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression1); int temp2 = ResultOf(a, temp1, i / 36, ref expression2, "", expression1); int result = ResultOf(temp2, d, i % 6, ref expression, expression2); if (result == 24) return true; } //4.運算順序:b和c運算,再與d運算,再與a運算 { string expression1 = "", expression2 = ""; int temp1 = ResultOf(b, c, i % 36 / 6, ref expression1); int temp2 = ResultOf(temp1, d, i % 6, ref expression2, expression1); int result = ResultOf(a, temp2, i / 36, ref expression, "", expression2); if (result == 24) return true; } //5.運算順序:c和d運算,再和b運算,再和a運算 { string expression1 = "", expression2 = ""; int temp1 = ResultOf(c, d, i % 6, ref expression1); int temp2 = ResultOf(b, temp1, i % 36 / 6, ref expression2, "", expression1); int result = ResultOf(a, temp2, i / 36, ref expression, "", expression2); if (result == 24) return true; } } expression = "Abandoned"; return false;}/// <summary>/// 求兩數進行某一四則運算后的結果/// </summary>/// <param name="x">數字1</param>/// <param name="y">數字2</param>/// <param name="method">(0-5分別代表:加、減、被減、乘以、除以、除)</param>/// <param name="expression">返回的表達式</param>/// <param name="expressionLeft">數字1表達式</param>/// <param name="expressionRight">數字2表達式</param>/// <returns></returns>private static int ResultOf(int x, int y, int method, ref string expression, string expressionLeft = "", string expressionRight = ""){ //左右表達式之前被判定為無效則不計算,除數為0時不計算 if (expressionLeft == "Abandoned" || expressionRight == "Abandoned" || (x == 0 && method == 5) || (y == 0 && method == 4)) { expression = "Abandoned"; return -1; } int result = 0; switch (method) { case 0: { //加 result = x + y; expression = string.Format("{0}+{1}", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } break; case 1: { //減 result = x - y; expression = string.Format("{0}-{1}", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } break; case 2: { //被減 result = y - x; expression = string.Format("{1}-{0}", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } break; case 3: { //乘以 result = x * y; expression = string.Format("({0})*({1})", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } break; case 4: { //除以 if (x % y == 0) { result = x / y; expression = string.Format("({0})/({1})", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } else { expression = "Abandoned"; } } break; case 5: { //除 if (y % x == 0) { result = y / x; expression = string.Format("({1})/({0})", expressionLeft == "" ? x.ToString() : expressionLeft, expressionRight == "" ? y.ToString() : expressionRight); } else { expression = "Abandoned"; } } break; } //運算不合法,則返回-1,表達式為Abandoned, if (expression == "Abandoned") { return -1; } return result;}
3. Main函數調用
static void Main(string[] args){ string s = ""; bool try24; try24 = Try24(1, 2, 3, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("1,2,3,4: " + s); try24 = Try24(1, 3, 5, 7, ref s); Console.WriteLine("1,3,5,7: " + s); try24 = Try24(2, 3, 6, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("2,3,6,4: " + s); try24 = Try24(5, 7, 9, 4, ref s); Console.WriteLine("5,7,9,4: " + s); try24 = Try24(6, 3, 4, 5, ref s); Console.WriteLine("6,3,4,5: " + s); try24 = Try24(9, 5, 2, 7, ref s); Console.WriteLine("9,5,2,7: " + s); try24 = Try24(4, 9, 8, 3, ref s); Console.WriteLine("4,9,8,3: " + s); try24 = Try24(4, 9, 8, 2, ref s); Console.WriteLine("4,9,8,2: " + s); try24 = Try24(10, 10, 10, 10, ref s); Console.WriteLine("10,10,10,10: " + s); Console.ReadLine();}
4. 程序運行結果:
希望本文所述對大家的C#程序設計有所幫助。
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