在.net4.0以后異步操作,并行計算變得異常簡單,但是由于公司項目開發基于.net3.5所以無法用到4.0的并行計算以及Task等異步編程。因此,為了以后更方便的進行異步方式的開發,我封裝實現了異步編程框架,通過BeginInvoke、EndInvoke的方式實現異步編程。
一、框架結構
整個框架包括四個部分
1、基類抽象Opeartor
我把每個異步執行過程稱為一個Operate,因此需要一個Opeartor去執行
2、FuncAsync
異步的Func
3、ActionAsync
異步的Action
4、Asynchorus
對ActionAsync和FuncAsync的封裝
Operator
Operator是一個抽象類,實現了IOperationAsync和IContinueWithAsync兩個接口。
IOperationAsync實現了異步操作,IContinueWithAsync實現了類似于Task的ContinueWith方法,在當前異步操作完成后繼續進行的操作
IOperationAsync接口詳解
public interface IOperationAsync{ IAsyncResult Invoke(); void Wait(); void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar); void CatchException(Exception exception);}IContinueWithAsync接口詳情
public interface IContinueWithAsync{ Operator Previous { get; set; } Operator Next { get; set; } Operator ContinueWithAsync(Action action); Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter);}Previous:前一個操作
Next:下一個操作
ContinueWithAsync():異步繼續操作
public abstract class Operator : IOperationAsync, IContinueWithAsync{ public IAsyncResult Middle; public readonly string Id; public Exception Exception { get; private set; } public Operator Previous { get; set; } public Operator Next { get; set; } protected Operator() { Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); } public abstract IAsyncResult Invoke(); protected void SetAsyncResult(IAsyncResult result) { this.Middle = result; } public virtual void Wait() { if (!Middle.IsCompleted) Middle.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); } public virtual void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar) { } public void CatchException(Exception exception) { this.Exception = exception; } protected Operator ContinueAsync() { if (Next != null) Next.Invoke(); return Next; } public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync(Action action) { Next = new ActionAsync(action); Next.Previous = this; return Next; } public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter) { Next = new ActionAsync<TParameter>(action, parameter); Next.Previous = this; return Next; } public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TResult>(Func<TResult> func) { Next = new FuncAsync<TResult>(); Next.Previous = this; return Next; } public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter, TResult>(Func<TParameter, TResult> func, TParameter parameter) { Next = new FuncAsync<TParameter, TResult>(func, parameter); Next.Previous = this; return Next; }}無返回異步操作
ActionAsync
public class ActionAsync : Operator{ private readonly Action _action; protected ActionAsync() { } public ActionAsync(Action action) : this() { this._action = action; } public override IAsyncResult Invoke() { var middle = _action.BeginInvoke(CompletedCallBack, null); SetAsyncResult(middle); return middle; } public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar) { try { _action.EndInvoke(ar); } catch (Exception exception) { this.CatchException(exception); } ContinueAsync(); }}public class ActionAsync<T> : ActionAsync{ public T Result; private readonly Action<T> _action1; protected readonly T Parameter1; public ActionAsync() { } public ActionAsync(T parameter) { this.Parameter1 = parameter; } public ActionAsync(Action<T> action, T parameter) { this._action1 = action; this.Parameter1 = parameter; } public override IAsyncResult Invoke() { var result = _action1.BeginInvoke(Parameter1, CompletedCallBack, null); SetAsyncResult(result); return result; } public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar) { try { _action1.EndInvoke(ar); } catch (Exception exception) { this.CatchException(exception); } ContinueAsync(); }}有返回異步
FuncAsync實現了IFuncOperationAsync接口
IFuncOperationAsync
public interface IFuncOperationAsync<T>{ void SetResult(T result); T GetResult();}1）、FuncAsync
public class FuncAsync<TResult> : Operator, IFuncOperationAsync<TResult>{private TResult _result;public TResult Result{ get { if (!Middle.IsCompleted || _result == null) { _result = GetResult(); } return _result; }}private readonly Func<TResult> _func1;public FuncAsync(){}public FuncAsync(Func<TResult> func){ this._func1 = func;}public override IAsyncResult Invoke(){ var result = _func1.BeginInvoke(CompletedCallBack, null); SetAsyncResult(result); return result;}public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar){ try { var result = _func1.EndInvoke(ar); SetResult(result); } catch (Exception exception) { this.CatchException(exception); SetResult(default(TResult)); } ContinueAsync();}public virtual TResult GetResult(){ Wait(); return this._result;}public void SetResult(TResult result){ _result = result;}}public class FuncAsync<T1, TResult> : FuncAsync<TResult>{protected readonly T1 Parameter1;private readonly Func<T1, TResult> _func2;public FuncAsync(Func<T1, TResult> action, T1 parameter1) : this(parameter1){ this._func2 = action;}protected FuncAsync(T1 parameter1) : base(){ this.Parameter1 = parameter1;}public override IAsyncResult Invoke(){ var result = _func2.BeginInvoke(Parameter1, CompletedCallBack, null); SetAsyncResult(result); return result;}public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar){ try { var result = _func2.EndInvoke(ar); SetResult(result); } catch (Exception exception) { CatchException(exception); SetResult(default(TResult)); } ContinueAsync();}}Asynchronous 異步操作封裝
ActionAsync和FuncAsync為異步操作打下了基礎,接下來最重要的工作就是通過這兩個類執行我們的異步操作,為此我封裝了一個異步操作類
主要封裝了以下幾個部分：
后面四個包含若干個重載,這里只是籠統的代表一個類型的方法
WaitAll
public static void WaitAll(IEnumerable<Operator> operations){foreach (var @operator in operations){ @operator.Wait();}}WaitAny
public static void WaitAny(IEnumerable<Operator> operations){while (operations.All(o => !o.Middle.IsCompleted)) Thread.Sleep(100);}等待時間可以自定義
ActionInvoke
public static Operator Invoke(Action action){Operator operation = new ActionAsync(action);operation.Invoke();return operation;}public static Operator Invoke<T>(Action<T> action, T parameter){Operator operation = new ActionAsync<T>(action, parameter);operation.Invoke();return operation;}public static Operator Invoke<T1, T2>(Action<T1, T2> action, T1 parameter1, T2 parameter2){Operator operation = new ActionAsync<T1, T2>(action, parameter1, parameter2);operation.Invoke();return operation;}FuncInvoke
public static Operator Invoke<TResult>(Func<TResult> func){Operator operation = new FuncAsync<TResult>(func);operation.Invoke();return operation;}public static Operator Invoke<TParameter, TResult>(Func<TParameter, TResult> func, TParameter parameter){TParameter param = parameter;Operator operation = new FuncAsync<TParameter, TResult>(func, param);operation.Invoke();return operation;}public static Operator Invoke<T1, T2, TResult>(Func<T1, T2, TResult> func, T1 parameter1, T2 parameter2){Operator operation = new FuncAsync<T1, T2, TResult>(func, parameter1, parameter2);operation.Invoke();return operation;}ContinueWithAction
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync(IEnumerable<Operator>operators, Action action){return Invoke(WaitAll, operators) .ContinueWithAsync(action);}public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(IEnumerable<Operator> operators, Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter){return Invoke(WaitAll, operators) .ContinueWithAsync(action, parameter);}ContinueWithFunc
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TResult>(IEnumerable<Operator> operators,Func<TResult> func){return Invoke(WaitAll, operators) .ContinueWithAsync(func);}public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter, TResult>(IEnumerable<Operator> operators, Func<TParameter, TResult> func, TParameter parameter){return Invoke(WaitAll, operators) .ContinueWithAsync(func, parameter);}這里有個bug當調用ContinueWithAsync后無法調用Wait等待,本來Wait需要從前往后等待每個異步操作,但是測試了下不符合預期結果。不過理論上來說應該無需這樣操作,ContinueWithAsync只是為了當上一個異步操作執行完畢時繼續執行的異步操作,若要等待,那不如兩個操作放到一起,最后再等待依然可以實現。
前面的都是單步異步操作的調用,若需要對某集合進行某個方法的異步操作,可以foreach遍歷
public void ForeachAsync(IEnumerbale<string> parameters){ foreach(string p in parameters) { Asynchronous.Invoke(Tast,p); }}public void Test(string parameter){ //TODO:做一些事}每次都需要去手寫foreach,比較麻煩,因此實現類似于PLinq的并行計算方法實在有必要,不過有一點差別,PLinq是采用多核CPU進行并行計算,而我封裝的僅僅遍歷集合進行異步操作而已
ForeachAction
public static IEnumerable<Operator> Foreach<TParameter>(IEnumerable<TParameter> items, Action<TParameter> action){ return items.Select(t => Invoke(action, t)).ToList();}ForeachFunc
public static IEnumerable<Operator> Foreach<TParameter, TResult>(IEnumerable<TParameter> items, Func<TParameter, TResult> func){ return items.Select(parameter => Invoke(func, parameter)).ToList();}如何使用
無返回值異步方法調用
public void DoSomeThing(){//TODO:}通過Asynchronous.Invoke(DoSomeThing) 執行
public void DoSomeThing(string parameter){//TODO:}通過Asynchronous.Invoke(DoSomeThing,parameter) 執行
有返回值異步方法調用
public string DoSomeThing(){//TODO:}通過Asynchronous.Invoke(()=>DoSomeThing())執行
public string DoSomeThing(string parameter){//TODO:}通過Asynchronous.Invoke(()=>DoSomeThing(parameter))執行,或者也可以傳入參數通過Asynchronous.Invoke(p=>DoSomeThing(p),parameter)
無返回值Foreach
public void Test{int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,Console.WriteLine);}有返回值Foreach
public void Test{int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};var operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);Asynchrous.WaitAll(operators);Asynchronous.Foreach(operators.Cast<FuncAsync<int,int>>(), p=> Console.WriteLine(p.Result));}首先將集合每個值擴大2倍,然后輸出
異步執行完再執行
public void Test{int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};var operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);Asynchrous.ContinueWithAsync(operators,Console.WriteLine,"執行完成");}每次執行完繼續執行
可能有時候我們需要遍歷一個集合,每個元素處理完成后我們需要輸出XX處理完成
public void Test{int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};var operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);Asynchronous.Foreach(operators,o=>{ o.ContinueWithAsync(()={ //每個元素執行完時執行 if(o.Exception != null) { //之前執行時產生未處理的異常,這里可以捕獲到 } });});}可以實現鏈式異步操作
public void Chain(){Asynchronous.Invoke(Console.WriteLine,1).ContinueWithAsync(Console.WriteLine,2).ContinueWithAsync(Console.WriteLine,3)}這樣會按步驟輸出1,2,3
結束語
以上只是列出了部分重載方法，其他重載方法無非就是加參數，本質實際是一樣的。
希望對大家的學習有所幫助，在這祝大家新年快樂，新的一年大家一起努力。
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