首先來說一下本文中例子所要實現的功能：
下面來看具體的步驟：
一、Unity中使用ProtoBuf
導入DLL到Unity中，
創建網絡傳輸的模型類：
using System;using ProtoBuf;//添加特性，表示可以被ProtoBuf工具序列化[ProtoContract]public class NetModel { //添加特性，表示該字段可以被序列化，1可以理解為下標 [ProtoMember(1)] public int ID; [ProtoMember(2)] public string Commit; [ProtoMember(3)] public string Message;}using System;using ProtoBuf; //添加特性，表示可以被ProtoBuf工具序列化[ProtoContract]public class NetModel { //添加特性，表示該字段可以被序列化，1可以理解為下標 [ProtoMember(1)] public int ID; [ProtoMember(2)] public string Commit; [ProtoMember(3)] public string Message;}在Unity中添加測試腳本，介紹ProtoBuf工具的使用。
using System;using System.IO;public class Test : MonoBehaviour { void Start () { //創建對象 NetModel item = new NetModel(){ID = 1, Commit = "LanOu", Message = "Unity"}; //序列化對象 byte[] temp = Serialize(item); //ProtoBuf的優勢一：小 Debug.Log(temp.Length); //反序列化為對象 NetModel result = DeSerialize(temp); Debug.Log(result.Message); } // 將消息序列化為二進制的方法 // < param name="model">要序列化的對象< /param> private byte[] Serialize(NetModel model) { try { //涉及格式轉換，需要用到流，將二進制序列化到流中 using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { //使用ProtoBuf工具的序列化方法 ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize<NetModel> (ms, model); //定義二級制數組，保存序列化后的結果 byte[] result = new byte[ms.Length]; //將流的位置設為0，起始點 ms.Position = 0; //將流中的內容讀取到二進制數組中 ms.Read (result, 0, result.Length); return result; } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Log ("序列化失敗: " + ex.ToString()); return null; } } // 將收到的消息反序列化成對象 // < returns>The serialize.< /returns> // < param name="msg">收到的消息.</param> private NetModel DeSerialize(byte[] msg) { try { using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { //將消息寫入流中 ms.Write (msg, 0, msg.Length); //將流的位置歸0 ms.Position = 0; //使用工具反序列化對象 NetModel result = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<NetModel> (ms); return result; } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Log("反序列化失敗: " + ex.ToString()); return null; } }}using System;using System.IO; public class Test : MonoBehaviour { void Start () { //創建對象 NetModel item = new NetModel(){ID = 1, Commit = "LanOu", Message = "Unity"}; //序列化對象 byte[] temp = Serialize(item); //ProtoBuf的優勢一：小 Debug.Log(temp.Length); //反序列化為對象 NetModel result = DeSerialize(temp); Debug.Log(result.Message); } // 將消息序列化為二進制的方法 // < param name="model">要序列化的對象< /param> private byte[] Serialize(NetModel model) { try { //涉及格式轉換，需要用到流，將二進制序列化到流中 using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { //使用ProtoBuf工具的序列化方法 ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize<NetModel> (ms, model); //定義二級制數組，保存序列化后的結果 byte[] result = new byte[ms.Length]; //將流的位置設為0，起始點 ms.Position = 0; //將流中的內容讀取到二進制數組中 ms.Read (result, 0, result.Length); return result; } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Log ("序列化失敗: " + ex.ToString()); return null; } } // 將收到的消息反序列化成對象 // < returns>The serialize.< /returns> // < param name="msg">收到的消息.</param> private NetModel DeSerialize(byte[] msg) { try { using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { //將消息寫入流中 ms.Write (msg, 0, msg.Length); //將流的位置歸0 ms.Position = 0; //使用工具反序列化對象 NetModel result = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<NetModel> (ms); return result; } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Log("反序列化失敗: " + ex.ToString()); return null; } }}二、Unity中使用Socket實現時時通信
通信應該實現的功能：
using System;using System.Net.Sockets;// 表示一個客戶端public class NetUserToken { //連接客戶端的Socket public Socket socket; //用于存放接收數據 public byte[] buffer; public NetUserToken() { buffer = new byte[1024]; } // 接受消息 // < param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Receive(byte[] data) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log("接收到消息！"); } // 發送消息 //< param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Send(byte[] data) { }}using System;using System.Net.Sockets; // 表示一個客戶端public class NetUserToken { //連接客戶端的Socket public Socket socket; //用于存放接收數據 public byte[] buffer; public NetUserToken() { buffer = new byte[1024]; } // 接受消息 // < param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Receive(byte[] data) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log("接收到消息！"); } // 發送消息 //< param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Send(byte[] data) { }}然后實現我們的服務器代碼
using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Net;using System;using System.Net.Sockets;public class NetServer{ //單例腳本 public static readonly NetServer Instance = new NetServer(); //定義tcp服務器 private Socket server; private int maxClient = 10; //定義端口 private int port = 35353; //用戶池 private Stack<NetUserToken> pools; private NetServer() { //初始化socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); server.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port)); } //開啟服務器 public void Start() { server.Listen(maxClient); UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Server OK!"); //實例化客戶端的用戶池 pools = new Stack<NetUserToken>(maxClient); for(int i = 0; i < maxClient; i++) { NetUserToken usertoken = new NetUserToken(); pools.Push(usertoken); } //可以異步接受客戶端, BeginAccept函數的第一個參數是回調函數，當有客戶端連接的時候自動調用 server.BeginAccept (AsyncAccept, null); } //回調函數， 有客戶端連接的時候會自動調用此方法 private void AsyncAccept(IAsyncResult result) { try { //結束監聽，同時獲取到客戶端 Socket client = server.EndAccept(result); UnityEngine.Debug.Log("有客戶端連接"); //來了一個客戶端 NetUserToken userToken = pools.Pop(); userToken.socket = client; //客戶端連接之后，可以接受客戶端消息 BeginReceive(userToken); //尾遞歸，再次監聽是否還有其他客戶端連入 server.BeginAccept(AsyncAccept, null); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } //異步監聽消息 private void BeginReceive(NetUserToken userToken) { try { //異步方法 userToken.socket.BeginReceive(userToken.buffer, 0, userToken.buffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, EndReceive, userToken); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } //監聽到消息之后調用的函數 private void EndReceive(IAsyncResult result) { try { //取出客戶端 NetUserToken userToken = result.AsyncState as NetUserToken; //獲取消息的長度 int len = userToken.socket.EndReceive(result); if(len > 0) { byte[] data = new byte[len]; Buffer.BlockCopy(userToken.buffer, 0, data, 0, len); //用戶接受消息 userToken.Receive(data); //尾遞歸，再次監聽客戶端消息 BeginReceive(userToken); } } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } }}using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Net;using System;using System.Net.Sockets; public class NetServer{ //單例腳本 public static readonly NetServer Instance = new NetServer(); //定義tcp服務器 private Socket server; private int maxClient = 10; //定義端口 private int port = 35353; //用戶池 private Stack<NetUserToken> pools; private NetServer() { //初始化socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); server.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port)); } //開啟服務器 public void Start() { server.Listen(maxClient); UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Server OK!"); //實例化客戶端的用戶池 pools = new Stack<NetUserToken>(maxClient); for(int i = 0; i < maxClient; i++) { NetUserToken usertoken = new NetUserToken(); pools.Push(usertoken); } //可以異步接受客戶端, BeginAccept函數的第一個參數是回調函數，當有客戶端連接的時候自動調用 server.BeginAccept (AsyncAccept, null); } //回調函數， 有客戶端連接的時候會自動調用此方法 private void AsyncAccept(IAsyncResult result) { try { //結束監聽，同時獲取到客戶端 Socket client = server.EndAccept(result); UnityEngine.Debug.Log("有客戶端連接"); //來了一個客戶端 NetUserToken userToken = pools.Pop(); userToken.socket = client; //客戶端連接之后，可以接受客戶端消息 BeginReceive(userToken); //尾遞歸，再次監聽是否還有其他客戶端連入 server.BeginAccept(AsyncAccept, null); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } //異步監聽消息 private void BeginReceive(NetUserToken userToken) { try { //異步方法 userToken.socket.BeginReceive(userToken.buffer, 0, userToken.buffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, EndReceive, userToken); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } //監聽到消息之后調用的函數 private void EndReceive(IAsyncResult result) { try { //取出客戶端 NetUserToken userToken = result.AsyncState as NetUserToken; //獲取消息的長度 int len = userToken.socket.EndReceive(result); if(len > 0) { byte[] data = new byte[len]; Buffer.BlockCopy(userToken.buffer, 0, data, 0, len); //用戶接受消息 userToken.Receive(data); //尾遞歸，再次監聽客戶端消息 BeginReceive(userToken); } } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } }}在Unity中開啟服務器，并使用C#控制臺模擬客戶端連接、發送消息操作。測試OK了，Unity中可以時時監聽到消息。
using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class CreateServer : MonoBehaviour { void StartServer () { NetServer.Instance.Start(); }}//C#控制臺工程using System;using System.Net;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.IO;using System.Text;namespace Temp{ class MainClass { public static void Main (string[] args) { TcpClient tc = new TcpClient(); IPEndPoint ip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 35353); tc.Connect(ip); if(tc.Connected) { while(true) { string msg = Console.ReadLine(); byte[] result = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg); tc.GetStream().Write(result, 0, result.Length); } } Console.ReadLine(); } }}using UnityEngine;using System.Collections; public class CreateServer : MonoBehaviour { void StartServer () { NetServer.Instance.Start(); } } //C#控制臺工程 using System;using System.Net;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.IO;using System.Text; namespace Temp{ class MainClass { public static void Main (string[] args) { TcpClient tc = new TcpClient(); IPEndPoint ip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 35353); tc.Connect(ip); if(tc.Connected) { while(true) { string msg = Console.ReadLine(); byte[] result = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg); tc.GetStream().Write(result, 0, result.Length); } } Console.ReadLine(); } }}三、數據包的編碼和解碼
首先，舉個例子，這個月信用卡被媳婦刷爆了，面對房貸車貸的壓力，我只能選擇分期付款。。。
那么OK了，現在我想問一下，當服務器向客戶端發送的數據過大時怎么辦呢？
當服務器需要向客戶端發送一條很長的數據，也會“分期付款！”，服務器會把一條很長的數據分成若干條小數據，多次發送給客戶端。
可是，這樣就又有另外一個問題，客戶端接受到多條數據之后如何解析？
這里其實就是客戶端的解碼。server發數據一般采用“長度+內容”的格式，Client接收到數據之后，先提取出長度來，然后根據長度判斷內容是否發送完畢。
再次重申，用戶在發送序列化好的消息的前，需要先編碼后再發送消息；用戶在接受消息后，需要解碼之后再解析數據（反序列化）。
using UnityEngine;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO;// 編碼和解碼public class NetEncode { // 將數據編碼 長度+內容 /// < param name="data">內容< /param> public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data) { //整形占四個字節，所以聲明一個+4的數組 byte[] result = new byte[data.Length + 4]; //使用流將編碼寫二進制 MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); BinaryWriter br = new BinaryWriter(ms); br.Write(data.Length); br.Write(data); //將流中的內容復制到數組中 System.Buffer.BlockCopy(ms.ToArray(), 0, result, 0, (int)ms.Length); br.Close(); ms.Close(); return result; } // 將數據解碼 // < param name="cache">消息隊列< /param> public static byte[] Decode(ref List<byte> cache) { //首先要獲取長度，整形4個字節，如果字節數不足4個字節 if(cache.Count < 4) { return null; } //讀取數據 MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(cache.ToArray()); BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(ms); int len = br.ReadInt32(); //根據長度，判斷內容是否傳遞完畢 if(len > ms.Length - ms.Position) { return null; } //獲取數據 byte[] result = br.ReadBytes(len); //清空消息池 cache.Clear(); //講剩余沒處理的消息存入消息池 cache.AddRange(br.ReadBytes((int)ms.Length - (int)ms.Position)); return result; }}using UnityEngine;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO; // 編碼和解碼public class NetEncode { // 將數據編碼 長度+內容 /// < param name="data">內容< /param> public static byte[] Encode(byte[] data) { //整形占四個字節，所以聲明一個+4的數組 byte[] result = new byte[data.Length + 4]; //使用流將編碼寫二進制 MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); BinaryWriter br = new BinaryWriter(ms); br.Write(data.Length); br.Write(data); //將流中的內容復制到數組中 System.Buffer.BlockCopy(ms.ToArray(), 0, result, 0, (int)ms.Length); br.Close(); ms.Close(); return result; } // 將數據解碼 // < param name="cache">消息隊列< /param> public static byte[] Decode(ref List<byte> cache) { //首先要獲取長度，整形4個字節，如果字節數不足4個字節 if(cache.Count < 4) { return null; } //讀取數據 MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(cache.ToArray()); BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(ms); int len = br.ReadInt32(); //根據長度，判斷內容是否傳遞完畢 if(len > ms.Length - ms.Position) { return null; } //獲取數據 byte[] result = br.ReadBytes(len); //清空消息池 cache.Clear(); //講剩余沒處理的消息存入消息池 cache.AddRange(br.ReadBytes((int)ms.Length - (int)ms.Position)); return result; }}用戶接受數據代碼如下：
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Net.Sockets;// 表示一個客戶端public class NetUserToken { //連接客戶端的Socket public Socket socket; //用于存放接收數據 public byte[] buffer; //每次接受和發送數據的大小 private const int size = 1024; //接收數據池 private List<byte> receiveCache; private bool isReceiving; //發送數據池 private Queue<byte[]> sendCache; private bool isSending; //接收到消息之后的回調 public Action<NetModel> receiveCallBack; public NetUserToken() { buffer = new byte[size]; receiveCache = new List<byte>(); sendCache = new Queue<byte[]>(); } // 服務器接受客戶端發送的消息 // < param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Receive(byte[] data) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log("接收到數據"); //將接收到的數據放入數據池中 receiveCache.AddRange(data); //如果沒在讀數據 if(!isReceiving) { isReceiving = true; ReadData(); } } // 讀取數據 private void ReadData() { byte[] data = NetEncode.Decode(ref receiveCache); //說明數據保存成功 if(data != null) { NetModel item = NetSerilizer.DeSerialize(data); UnityEngine.Debug.Log(item.Message); if(receiveCallBack != null) { receiveCallBack(item); } //尾遞歸，繼續讀取數據 ReadData(); } else { isReceiving = false; } } // 服務器發送消息給客戶端 public void Send() { try { if (sendCache.Count == 0) { isSending = false; return; } byte[] data = sendCache.Dequeue (); int count = data.Length / size; int len = size; for (int i = 0; i < count + 1; i++) { if (i == count) { len = data.Length - i * size; } socket.Send (data, i * size, len, SocketFlags.None); } UnityEngine.Debug.Log("發送成功!"); Send (); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } public void WriteSendDate(byte[] data){ sendCache.Enqueue(data); if(!isSending) { isSending = true; Send(); } }}using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Net.Sockets; // 表示一個客戶端public class NetUserToken { //連接客戶端的Socket public Socket socket; //用于存放接收數據 public byte[] buffer; //每次接受和發送數據的大小 private const int size = 1024; //接收數據池 private List<byte> receiveCache; private bool isReceiving; //發送數據池 private Queue<byte[]> sendCache; private bool isSending; //接收到消息之后的回調 public Action<NetModel> receiveCallBack; public NetUserToken() { buffer = new byte[size]; receiveCache = new List<byte>(); sendCache = new Queue<byte[]>(); } // 服務器接受客戶端發送的消息 // < param name="data">Data.< /param> public void Receive(byte[] data) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log("接收到數據"); //將接收到的數據放入數據池中 receiveCache.AddRange(data); //如果沒在讀數據 if(!isReceiving) { isReceiving = true; ReadData(); } } // 讀取數據 private void ReadData() { byte[] data = NetEncode.Decode(ref receiveCache); //說明數據保存成功 if(data != null) { NetModel item = NetSerilizer.DeSerialize(data); UnityEngine.Debug.Log(item.Message); if(receiveCallBack != null) { receiveCallBack(item); } //尾遞歸，繼續讀取數據 ReadData(); } else { isReceiving = false; } } // 服務器發送消息給客戶端 public void Send() { try { if (sendCache.Count == 0) { isSending = false; return; } byte[] data = sendCache.Dequeue (); int count = data.Length / size; int len = size; for (int i = 0; i < count + 1; i++) { if (i == count) { len = data.Length - i * size; } socket.Send (data, i * size, len, SocketFlags.None); } UnityEngine.Debug.Log("發送成功!"); Send (); } catch (Exception ex) { UnityEngine.Debug.Log(ex.ToString()); } } public void WriteSendDate(byte[] data){ sendCache.Enqueue(data); if(!isSending) { isSending = true; Send(); } }}ProtoBuf網絡傳輸到這里就全部完成了。
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