**********************************************************
第一部分, 在一臺服務(wù)器構(gòu)建多mysql 服務(wù).
**********************************************************
一，緒言
在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令，可用于在一臺物理服務(wù)器運行多個Mysql服務(wù)，今天參考一些文檔，親自測試并通過,真高興，現(xiàn)將操作過程共享給大家!
操作系統(tǒng):Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux應該也差不多.
數(shù)據(jù)庫:Mysql 4.0.17 源程序安裝(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多，過些天再試試)
規(guī)劃:運行4個mysql服務(wù):
假設(shè)服務(wù)器名:db-app (IP為192.168.0.100),
假設(shè)服務(wù)器名:db-app2 (IP為192.168.0.101),
下文直到第二部分,均為講述db-app中的mysql,
二,準備
用mysql源程序安裝,假設(shè)在安裝時用的configura選擇項氯?
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data1 --sysconfdir=/etc
備注:--prefix將MYSQL安裝到/usr/local/mysql,
--datadir將數(shù)據(jù)庫生成/usr/local/mysql/data1
sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路徑為/etc
其他mysql安裝過程略.
根據(jù)Mysql管理手冊中提到:每個Mysql的服務(wù)都可為獨立的，所以它都調(diào)用一個my.cnf中各自不同的啟動選項--就是下文中將提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫都是獨立的(更多可查閱mysql官方網(wǎng)站的英文管理手冊).
mysqld_multi是管理多個mysqld的服務(wù)進程，這些服務(wù)進程程序不同的unix socket或是監(jiān)聽于不同的端口。他可以啟動、停止和監(jiān)控當前的服務(wù)狀態(tài)。
----程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定義的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段，"#"可以是任意的正整數(shù)。這個正整數(shù)就是在下面提及的段序列，即GNR。段的序號做為mysqld_multi的參數(shù)，來區(qū)別不同的段，這樣你就可以控制特定mysqld進程的啟動、停止或得到他的報告信息。這些組里的參數(shù)就像啟動一個mysqld所需要的組的參數(shù)一樣。但是，如果使用多服務(wù)，必須為每個服務(wù)指定一個unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多個MySQL服務(wù) )。
從上述文字可看到多Mysql服務(wù)中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了.
現(xiàn)我貼出我的my.cnf文件.-----------------------
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql (用一個帳號來啟動所有的mysql服務(wù)器,因為是用一相同的帳號。那個么這帳號必須都是每個mysql服務(wù)都要用的帳號,最好是管理帳號,下面的口令與相同)
password = mypaswd
[mysqld1]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pid
log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.log
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
user = mysql
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld4]
port = 3309
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4
log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是說我將啟動4個mysql服務(wù)在同一服務(wù)器的不同端口――3306-3309，每datadir所指定的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件路徑都是不相同的，都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些設(shè)置可用my.cnf 原來的內(nèi)容.
ok, 重要的my.cnf編好的，現(xiàn)在為配置中不同mysql 服務(wù)建立各自文件夾和初始數(shù)據(jù)庫等.
[mysqld1]是一個默認的,在我們安裝mysql時已經(jīng)有了，所以不用管它.
[mysqld2],只要根據(jù)配置就的路徑為它建立一個目錄就可以了.將把該目錄改為mysql管理權(quán)
db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data2
建數(shù)據(jù)庫,我們可以把默認的mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫復制過來，以利用其它的mysql帳號,其它數(shù)據(jù)庫根據(jù)應用再建立.
db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
db-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
[mysqld3],[mysqld4], 相同.
我們可能看看這些目錄是否都存在.
db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3
現(xiàn)在可以通過mysqld_multi啟動了。
三,mysqld_multi命令.
使用如下參數(shù)來啟動mysqld_multi: (注:該命令在mysql的bin目錄中,根據(jù)上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以該文件應該在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 這得根據(jù)你安裝時所指定的路徑 )
db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]
start,stop和report是指你想到執(zhí)行的操作。你可以在單獨的服務(wù)或是多服務(wù)上指定一個操作，區(qū)別于選項后面的GNR列表。如果沒有指定GNR列表，那么mysqld_multi將在所有的服務(wù)中根據(jù)選項文件進行操作。
每一個GNR的值是組的序列號或是一個組的序列號范圍。此項的值必須是組名字最后的數(shù)字，比如說如果組名為mysqld17，那么此項的值則為17.如果指定一個范圍，使用"-"(破折號)來連接二個數(shù)字。如GNR的值為10-13,則指組mysqld10到組mysqld13。多個組或是組范圍可以在命令行中指定，使用","(逗號)隔開。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab)，在空白字符后面的參數(shù)將會被忽略。 (注:GNR值就是我們定義my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我這里只有1-4).
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1 只啟動 第一個mysql服務(wù),相關(guān)文件由my.cnf中mysql1設(shè)定.
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1 啟止 第一個mysql服務(wù)
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4, 啟動 第1至4mysql服務(wù),其實就是我這里的全部.
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf report 1-4
查看啟動:
db-app:/ # ps aux
root 10467 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock1
root 10475 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock2
root 10482 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3308 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3
root 10487 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3309 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock4
.............................................
四,客戶端訪問
任何客戶端訪問都需要指定訪問端口.方才能進入指定數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù).否則將使用到Mysql默認的端口（3306）所服務(wù)的MYSQL。
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第二部分, 在一臺服務(wù)器構(gòu)建多mysql主 服務(wù).
**********************************************************
提示:建立一個帳號,專門用于下面主從復制,本例用的的帳號repl, 口令為:'1234567890', 可讓其擁有select_priv, reload_priv,process_priv,grant_priv,super_priv,repl_slave_priv,repl_client_priv權(quán)限，并能通過任何客戶進行訪問,即訪問客戶為'%'。
主要是修改my.cnf中的內(nèi)容,讓每個mysql生成自己的bin-log文件及各自的運行環(huán)境，現(xiàn)貼上我的my.cnf全部內(nèi)容,相關(guān)參數(shù)與請參考mysql 官文手冊.
#[client]
#password = your_password
#port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql
password = mypasswd
[mysqld1]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
skip-locking
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 32M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=500
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/app-net1_1-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data2/app-net1_2-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
skip-locking
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data3/app-net1_3-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqld4]
port = 3309
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
skip-locking
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1d.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1
log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-bin
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1_4-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
**********************
啟動多mysql服務(wù)都是相同的,
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4
**********************************************************
第三部分, 在一臺服務(wù)器構(gòu)建多mysql 從服務(wù).
**********************************************************
構(gòu)建從服務(wù)器的預選準備: 建議用mysqld_multi 把主服務(wù)器的mysql全部停掉.刪除數(shù)據(jù)目錄中的所有除數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄以外的任何文件(此文中的數(shù)據(jù)目錄庫有４個,datadir = /usr/local/mysql/中的 data1 -- data1)．建主從都用相同的數(shù)據(jù)目錄路徑．
用Tar 命令把每數(shù)據(jù)庫封裝起來，并通過sftp命令put/get到從服務(wù)器(db-app1 192.168.0.101).
下列操作供參考:
在db-app主機上的操作
db-app:/ # tar -cf data1.tar /usr/local/mysql/data1
db-app:/ # tar -cf data2.tar /usr/local/mysql/data2
db-app:/ # tar -cf data3.tar /usr/local/mysql/data3
db-app:/ # tar -cf data4.tar /usr/local/mysql/data4
在db-app1主機上的操作
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data1.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data2.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data3.tar
db-app1:/ # tar xvf data4.tar
同時，請確認系統(tǒng)帳號mysql是否對主/從服務(wù)器的中的mysql數(shù)據(jù)目錄都有操作權(quán)限，如果無法確認，你直接更修改這些目錄的所有權(quán)即可。
在db-app主機上的操作
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R
db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R
在db-app1主機上的操作
db-app1:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -R
db-app2:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
db-app3:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -R
db-app4:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R
下面就是從服務(wù)器上/etc/my.cnf的全部內(nèi)容.
提示:下面的my.cnf中將會提到一個帳號:repl, 口令為:'1234567890', 這個帳號就是上面專門建立的。
其實都一樣,主要是修改my.cnf中的內(nèi)容,讓每個從mysql通過主mysql的不同的端口,去獲取各自bin-log來更新自生的數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)容．現(xiàn)貼上我的my.cnf全部內(nèi)容(從服務(wù)器),相關(guān)參數(shù)與請參考mysql 官文手冊.
#[client]
#password = your_password
#port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql
password = netmoniit
[mysqld1]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
skip-locking
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
log=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 32M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=500
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.168.0.100
master-user = 'repl'
master-password = '1234567890'
master-port = 3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.168.0.100
master-user = 'repl'
master-password = '1234567890'
master-port = 3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data3/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.168.0.100
master-user = 'repl'
master-password = '1234567890'
master-port = 3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1d.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4
log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1.log
user = mysql
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data4/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 10
key_buffer = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache = 32
query_cache_size = 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
max_connections=300
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.168.0.100
master-user = 'repl'
master-password = '1234567890'
master-port = 3309
report-host = net-app1
master-connect-retry = 30
log-bin
log-slave-updates
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
****************************************
在功告成,現(xiàn)在分別啟動兩臺主機上的多mysql服務(wù)，這樣，每個主服務(wù)的每個mysql有變化，都會自動復制／更新到從服務(wù)器對應的數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4
db-app1:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4
********************
五,未來測試,
接下來我想做一個多主一從的Mysql服務(wù)器復制解決方案! 那位可以給點意見啊!結(jié)構(gòu)如下．
就是有主服務(wù)器Server A , Server B和從服務(wù)器 Server C, A 和 B運行著不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫應用, 假設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)庫名都不同。Server C（假設(shè)這三臺ＰＣ上都只運行了一個mysql服務(wù)），包括了Ａ了Ｂ服務(wù)器的所有Mysql 用戶及相同的訪問權(quán)限, 并集成在一個Mysql服務(wù)中. C通過主/從方式復制Ａ和Ｂ的數(shù)據(jù)庫。
就是差不就是把兩個主服務(wù)器的mysql合并到一個從服務(wù)器中。
