本文是小編日常整理的些關于python執行系統命令常見的方法,比較全面,特此通過武林網這個平臺把此篇文章分享給大家供大家參考
具體內容如下:
1 os.system
例如 ipython中運行如下命令,返回運行狀態status
os.system('cat /etc/passwdqc.conf')
min=disabled,24,11,8,7
max=40
passphrase=3
match=4
similar=deny
random=47
enforce=everyone
retry=3
Out[6]: 0
2 os.popen()
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
運行返回結果
In [20]: output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [21]: lineLen = []
In [22]: for line in output.readlines():
lineLen.append(len(line))
....:
In [23]: line
line lineLen
In [23]: lineLen
Out[23]:
[14,
25,
...
3 如何同時返回結果和運行狀態,commands模塊:
- #String form: <module 'commands' from '/usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.pyc'>
- File: /usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.py
- Docstring:
- Execute shell commands via os.popen() and return status, output.
- Interface summary:
- import commands
- outtext = commands.getoutput(cmd)
- (exitstatus, outtext) = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
- outtext = commands.getstatus(file) # returns output of "ls -ld file"
- A trailing newline is removed from the output string.
- Encapsulates the basic operation:
- pipe = os.popen('{ ' + cmd + '; } 2>&1', 'r')
- text = pipe.read()
- sts = pipe.close()
commands示例如下:
In [24]: (status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [25]: status
Out[25]: 0
In [26]: len(output)
Out[26]: 3859
4 使用模塊subprocess
ipython 中運行"?subprocess"可以發現subprocess是python用來替換os.popen()等管道操作命令的新模塊
A more real-world example would look like this:
- try:
- retcode = call("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
- if retcode < 0:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child was terminated by signal", -retcode
- else:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child returned", retcode
- except OSError, e:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Execution failed:", e
相對于上面幾種方式,subprocess便于控制和監控進程運行結果,subprocess提供多種函數便于應對父進程對子進程不同要求:
4.1.1 subprocess.call()
父進程父進程等待子進程完成,返回exit code
4.1.2 subprocess.check_call()
父進程等待子進程完成,返回0,如果returncode不為0,則舉出錯誤subprocess.CalledProcessError,該對象包含有returncode屬性,可用try...except...來檢查
4.1.3 subprocess.check_output()
父進程等待子進程完成
返回子進程向標準輸出的輸出結果
檢查退出信息,如果returncode不為0,則舉出錯誤subprocess.CalledProcessError,該對象包含有returncode屬性和output屬性,output屬性為標準輸出的輸出結果,可用try...except...來檢查
例如:
In [32]: out = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True)
total 42244
-rw-rw-r--. 1 *** *** 366 May 26 09:10 ChangeLog
4.2.1
上面三個函數都是源于Popen()函數的wapper(封裝),如果需要更加個性化應用,那么就需要使用popen()函數
Popen對象創建后,主程序不會自動等待子進程完成。我們必須調用對象的wait()方法,父進程才會等待 (也就是阻塞block)
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ rm subprocess.pyc
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
- parent process
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ PING www.google.com (173.194.219.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
- ^C
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$
- --- www.google.com ping statistics ---
- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3999ms
加上wait方法:
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
- PING www.google.com (173.194.219.103) 56(84) bytes of data.
- --- www.google.com ping statistics ---
- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3999ms
- parent process
以上內容就是本文的全部敘述,希望大家喜歡。
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