接著第一篇繼續學習。
一、數據分類
正確數據：id、性別、活動時間三者都有
放在這個文件里file1 = 'ruisi//correct%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)
數據格式為293001 男 2015-5-1 19:17
- 沒有時間：有id、有性別，無活動時間
放這個文件里file2 = 'ruisi//errTime%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)
數據格式為2566 女 notime
- 用戶不存在：該id沒有對應的用戶
放這個文件里file3 = 'ruisi//notexist%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)
數據格式為29005 notexist
- 未知性別：有id，但是性別從網頁上無法得知（經檢查，這種情況也沒有活動時間）
放這個文件里 file4 = 'ruisi//unkownsex%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)
數據格式 221794 unkownsex
- 網絡錯誤：網斷了，或者服務器故障，需要對這些id重新檢查
放這個文件里 file5 = 'ruisi//httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)
數據格式 271004 httperror
如何不間斷得爬蟲信息
- 本項目有一個考慮：是不間斷爬取信息，如果因為斷網、BBS服務器故障啥的，我的爬蟲程序就退出的話。那我們還得從間斷的地方繼續爬，或者更麻煩的是從頭開始爬。
- 所以，我采取的方法是，如果遇到故障，就把這些異常的id記錄下來。等一次遍歷之后，才對這些異常的id進行重新爬取性別。
- 本文系列（一）給出了一個 getInfo(myurl, seWord)，通過給定鏈接和給定正則表達式爬取信息。
- 這個函數可以用來查看性別的最后活動時間信息。
- 我們再定義一個安全的爬取函數，不會間斷程序運行的，這兒用到try except異常處理。
這兒代碼試了兩次getInfo(myurl, seWord),如果第2次還是拋出異常了，就把這個id保存在file5里面
如果能獲取到信息，就返回信息
file5 = 'ruisi//httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)def safeGet(myid, myurl, seWord): try: return getInfo(myurl, seWord) except: try: return getInfo(myurl, seWord) except: httperrorfile = open(file5, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (myid, 'httperror') httperrorfile.write(info) httperrorfile.close() return 'httperror'
依次遍歷，獲取id從[1,300,000]的用戶信息
我們定義一個函數，這兒的思路是獲取sex和time，如果有sex，進而繼續判斷是否有time；如果沒sex，判斷是否這個用戶不存在還是性別無法爬取。
其中要考慮到斷網或者BBS服務器故障的情況。
url1 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s'url2 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s&do=profile'def searchWeb(idArr): for id in idArr: sexUrl = url1 % (id) #將%s替換為id timeUrl = url2 % (id) sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe) if not sex: #如果sexUrl里面找不到性別，在timeUrl再嘗試找一下 sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe) time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe) #如果出現了httperror，需要重新爬取 if (sex is 'httperror') or (time is 'httperror') : pass else: if sex: info = '%d %s' % (id, sex) if time: info = '%s %s/n' % (info, time) wfile = open(file1, 'a') wfile.write(info) wfile.close() else: info = '%s %s/n' % (info, 'notime') errtimefile = open(file2, 'a') errtimefile.write(info) errtimefile.close() else: #這兒是性別是None，然后確定一下是不是用戶不存在 #斷網的時候加上這個，會導致4個重復httperror #可能用戶的性別我們無法知道，他沒有填寫 notexist = safeGet(id,sexUrl, notexistRe) if notexist is 'httperror': pass else: if notexist: notexistfile = open(file3, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (id, 'notexist') notexistfile.write(info) notexistfile.close() else: unkownsexfile = open(file4, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (id, 'unkownsex') unkownsexfile.write(info) unkownsexfile.close()
這兒后期檢查發現了一個問題
sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe) if not sex: sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe) time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe)
這個代碼如果斷網的時候，調用了3次safeGet，每次調用都會往文本里面同一個id寫多次httperror
251538 httperror251538 httperror251538 httperror251538 httperror
多線程爬取信息？
數據統計可以用多線程，因為是獨立的多個文本
1、Popen介紹
使用Popen可以自定義標準輸入、標準輸出和標準錯誤輸出。我在SAP實習的時候，項目組在linux平臺下經常使用Popen，可能是因為可以方便重定向輸出。
下面這段代碼借鑒了以前項目組的實現方法，Popen可以調用系統cmd命令。下面3個communicate()連在一起表示要等這3個線程都結束。
疑惑？
試驗了一下，必須3個communicate()緊挨著才能保證3個線程同時開啟，最后等待3個線程都結束。
p1=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s0),str(s1)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)p2=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s1),str(s2)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)p3=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s2),str(s3)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)p1.communicate()p2.communicate()p3.communicate()
2、定義一個單線程的爬蟲
用法：python ruisi.py <startNum> <endNum>
這段代碼就是爬取[startNum, endNum)信息，輸出到相應的文本里。它是一個單線程的程序，若要實現多線程的話，在外部調用它的地方實現多線程。
# ruisi.py# coding=utf-8import urllib2, re, sys, threading, time,thread# myurl as 指定鏈接# seWord as 正則表達式，用unicode表示# 返回根據正則表達式匹配的信息或者Nonedef getInfo(myurl, seWord): headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6' } req = urllib2.Request( url=myurl, headers=headers ) time.sleep(0.3) response = urllib2.urlopen(req) html = response.read() html = unicode(html, 'utf-8') timeMatch = seWord.search(html) if timeMatch: s = timeMatch.groups() return s[0] else: return None#嘗試兩次getInfo()#第2次失敗后，就把這個id標記為httperrordef safeGet(myid, myurl, seWord): try: return getInfo(myurl, seWord) except: try: return getInfo(myurl, seWord) except: httperrorfile = open(file5, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (myid, 'httperror') httperrorfile.write(info) httperrorfile.close() return 'httperror'#輸出一個 idArr 范圍，比如[1,1001)def searchWeb(idArr): for id in idArr: sexUrl = url1 % (id) timeUrl = url2 % (id) sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe) if not sex: sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe) time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe) if (sex is 'httperror') or (time is 'httperror') : pass else: if sex: info = '%d %s' % (id, sex) if time: info = '%s %s/n' % (info, time) wfile = open(file1, 'a') wfile.write(info) wfile.close() else: info = '%s %s/n' % (info, 'notime') errtimefile = open(file2, 'a') errtimefile.write(info) errtimefile.close() else: notexist = safeGet(id,sexUrl, notexistRe) if notexist is 'httperror': pass else: if notexist: notexistfile = open(file3, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (id, 'notexist') notexistfile.write(info) notexistfile.close() else: unkownsexfile = open(file4, 'a') info = '%d %s/n' % (id, 'unkownsex') unkownsexfile.write(info) unkownsexfile.close()def main(): reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') if len(sys.argv) != 3: print 'usage: python ruisi.py <startNum> <endNum>' sys.exit(-1) global sexRe,timeRe,notexistRe,url1,url2,file1,file2,file3,file4,startNum,endNum,file5 startNum=int(sys.argv[1]) endNum=int(sys.argv[2]) sexRe = re.compile(u'em>/u6027/u522b</em>(.*?)</li') timeRe = re.compile(u'em>/u4e0a/u6b21/u6d3b/u52a8/u65f6/u95f4</em>(.*?)</li') notexistRe = re.compile(u'(p>)/u62b1/u6b49/uff0c/u60a8/u6307/u5b9a/u7684/u7528/u6237/u7a7a/u95f4/u4e0d/u5b58/u5728<') url1 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s' url2 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s&do=profile' file1 = '..//newRuisi//correct%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum) file2 = '..//newRuisi//errTime%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum) file3 = '..//newRuisi//notexist%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum) file4 = '..//newRuisi//unkownsex%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum) file5 = '..//newRuisi//httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum) searchWeb(xrange(startNum,endNum)) # numThread = 10 # searchWeb(xrange(endNum)) # total = 0 # for i in xrange(numThread): # data = xrange(1+i,endNum,numThread) # total =+ len(data) # t=threading.Thread(target=searchWeb,args=(data,)) # t.start() # print totalmain() 多線程爬蟲
代碼
# coding=utf-8from subprocess import Popenimport subprocessimport threading,timestartn = 1endn = 300001step =1000total = (endn - startn + 1 ) /stepISOTIMEFORMAT='%Y-%m-%d %X'#hardcode 3 threads#沒有深究3個線程好還是4或者更多個線程好#輸出格式化的年月日時分秒#輸出程序的耗時（以秒為單位）for i in xrange(0,total,3): startNumber = startn + step * i startTime = time.clock() s0 = startNumber s1 = startNumber + step s2 = startNumber + step*2 s3 = startNumber + step*3 p1=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s0),str(s1)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) p2=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s1),str(s2)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) p3=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s2),str(s3)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) startftime ='[ '+ time.strftime( ISOTIMEFORMAT, time.localtime() ) + ' ] ' print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s0, s1) print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s1, s2) print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s2, s3) p1.communicate() p2.communicate() p3.communicate() endftime = '[ '+ time.strftime( ISOTIMEFORMAT, time.localtime() ) + ' ] ' print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s0, s1) print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s1, s2) print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s2, s3) endTime = time.clock() print "cost time " + str(endTime - startTime) + " s" time.sleep(5)
這兒是記錄時間戳的日志：
"D:/Program Files/Python27/python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py[ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 1 - 1001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 1001 - 2001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 2001 - 3001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 1 - 1001 download end !!! [ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 1001 - 2001 download end !!! [ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 2001 - 3001 download end !!! cost time 1348.99480677 s[ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 3001 - 4001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 4001 - 5001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 5001 - 6001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 3001 - 4001 download end !!! [ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 4001 - 5001 download end !!! [ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 5001 - 6001 download end !!! cost time 1386.06407734 s[ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 6001 - 7001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 7001 - 8001 download start... [ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 8001 - 9001 download start...
上面是多線程的Log記錄，從下面可以看出，1000個用戶平均需要500s，一個id需要0.5s。500*300/3600 = 41.666666666667小時，大概需要兩天的時間。
我們再試驗一次單線程爬蟲的耗時，記錄如下:
"D:/Program Files/Python27/python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py1 - 1001 download start... 1 - 1001 download end !!! cost time 1583.65911889 s1001 - 2001 download start... 1001 - 2001 download end !!! cost time 1342.46874278 s2001 - 3001 download start... 2001 - 3001 download end !!! cost time 1327.10885725 s3001 - 4001 download start...
我們發現一次線程爬取1000個用戶耗時的時間也需要1500s，而多線程程序是3*1000個用戶耗時1500s。
故多線程確實能比單線程省很多時間。
Note:
在getInfo(myurl, seWord)里有time.sleep(0.3)這樣一段代碼，是為了防止批判訪問BBS，而被BBS拒絕訪問。這個0.3s對于上文多線程和單線程的統計時間有影響。
最后附上原始的，沒有帶時間戳的記錄。（加上時間戳，可以知道程序什么時候開始爬蟲的，以應對線程卡死情況。）
"D:/Program Files/Python27/python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py1 - 1001 download start... 1001 - 2001 download start... 2001 - 3001 download start... 1 - 1001 download end !!! 1001 - 2001 download end !!! 2001 - 3001 download end !!! cost time 1532.74102812 s3001 - 4001 download start... 4001 - 5001 download start... 5001 - 6001 download start... 3001 - 4001 download end !!! 4001 - 5001 download end !!! 5001 - 6001 download end !!! cost time 2652.01624951 s6001 - 7001 download start... 7001 - 8001 download start... 8001 - 9001 download start... 6001 - 7001 download end !!! 7001 - 8001 download end !!! 8001 - 9001 download end !!! cost time 1880.61513696 s9001 - 10001 download start... 10001 - 11001 download start... 11001 - 12001 download start... 9001 - 10001 download end !!! 10001 - 11001 download end !!! 11001 - 12001 download end !!! cost time 1634.40575553 s12001 - 13001 download start... 13001 - 14001 download start... 14001 - 15001 download start... 12001 - 13001 download end !!! 13001 - 14001 download end !!! 14001 - 15001 download end !!! cost time 1403.62795496 s15001 - 16001 download start... 16001 - 17001 download start... 17001 - 18001 download start... 15001 - 16001 download end !!! 16001 - 17001 download end !!! 17001 - 18001 download end !!! cost time 1271.42177906 s18001 - 19001 download start... 19001 - 20001 download start... 20001 - 21001 download start... 18001 - 19001 download end !!! 19001 - 20001 download end !!! 20001 - 21001 download end !!! cost time 1476.04122024 s21001 - 22001 download start... 22001 - 23001 download start... 23001 - 24001 download start... 21001 - 22001 download end !!! 22001 - 23001 download end !!! 23001 - 24001 download end !!! cost time 1431.37074164 s24001 - 25001 download start... 25001 - 26001 download start... 26001 - 27001 download start... 24001 - 25001 download end !!! 25001 - 26001 download end !!! 26001 - 27001 download end !!! cost time 1411.45186874 s27001 - 28001 download start... 28001 - 29001 download start... 29001 - 30001 download start... 27001 - 28001 download end !!! 28001 - 29001 download end !!! 29001 - 30001 download end !!! cost time 1396.88837788 s30001 - 31001 download start... 31001 - 32001 download start... 32001 - 33001 download start... 30001 - 31001 download end !!! 31001 - 32001 download end !!! 32001 - 33001 download end !!! cost time 1389.01316718 s33001 - 34001 download start... 34001 - 35001 download start... 35001 - 36001 download start... 33001 - 34001 download end !!! 34001 - 35001 download end !!! 35001 - 36001 download end !!! cost time 1318.16040825 s36001 - 37001 download start... 37001 - 38001 download start... 38001 - 39001 download start... 36001 - 37001 download end !!! 37001 - 38001 download end !!! 38001 - 39001 download end !!! cost time 1362.59222822 s39001 - 40001 download start... 40001 - 41001 download start... 41001 - 42001 download start... 39001 - 40001 download end !!! 40001 - 41001 download end !!! 41001 - 42001 download end !!! cost time 1253.62498539 s42001 - 43001 download start... 43001 - 44001 download start... 44001 - 45001 download start... 42001 - 43001 download end !!! 43001 - 44001 download end !!! 44001 - 45001 download end !!! cost time 1313.50461988 s45001 - 46001 download start... 46001 - 47001 download start... 47001 - 48001 download start... 45001 - 46001 download end !!! 46001 - 47001 download end !!! 47001 - 48001 download end !!! cost time 1322.32317331 s48001 - 49001 download start... 49001 - 50001 download start... 50001 - 51001 download start... 48001 - 49001 download end !!! 49001 - 50001 download end !!! 50001 - 51001 download end !!! cost time 1381.58027296 s51001 - 52001 download start... 52001 - 53001 download start... 53001 - 54001 download start... 51001 - 52001 download end !!! 52001 - 53001 download end !!! 53001 - 54001 download end !!! cost time 1357.78699459 s54001 - 55001 download start... 55001 - 56001 download start... 56001 - 57001 download start... 54001 - 55001 download end !!! 55001 - 56001 download end !!! 56001 - 57001 download end !!! cost time 1359.76377246 s57001 - 58001 download start... 58001 - 59001 download start... 59001 - 60001 download start... 57001 - 58001 download end !!! 58001 - 59001 download end !!! 59001 - 60001 download end !!! cost time 1335.47829775 s60001 - 61001 download start... 61001 - 62001 download start... 62001 - 63001 download start... 60001 - 61001 download end !!! 61001 - 62001 download end !!! 62001 - 63001 download end !!! cost time 1354.82727645 s63001 - 64001 download start... 64001 - 65001 download start... 65001 - 66001 download start... 63001 - 64001 download end !!! 64001 - 65001 download end !!! 65001 - 66001 download end !!! cost time 1260.54731607 s66001 - 67001 download start... 67001 - 68001 download start... 68001 - 69001 download start... 66001 - 67001 download end !!! 67001 - 68001 download end !!! 68001 - 69001 download end !!! cost time 1363.58255686 s69001 - 70001 download start... 70001 - 71001 download start... 71001 - 72001 download start... 69001 - 70001 download end !!! 70001 - 71001 download end !!! 71001 - 72001 download end !!! cost time 1354.17163074 s72001 - 73001 download start... 73001 - 74001 download start... 74001 - 75001 download start... 72001 - 73001 download end !!! 73001 - 74001 download end !!! 74001 - 75001 download end !!! cost time 1335.00425259 s75001 - 76001 download start... 76001 - 77001 download start... 77001 - 78001 download start... 75001 - 76001 download end !!! 76001 - 77001 download end !!! 77001 - 78001 download end !!! cost time 1360.44054978 s78001 - 79001 download start... 79001 - 80001 download start... 80001 - 81001 download start... 78001 - 79001 download end !!! 79001 - 80001 download end !!! 80001 - 81001 download end !!! cost time 1369.72662457 s81001 - 82001 download start... 82001 - 83001 download start... 83001 - 84001 download start... 81001 - 82001 download end !!! 82001 - 83001 download end !!! 83001 - 84001 download end !!! cost time 1369.95550676 s84001 - 85001 download start... 85001 - 86001 download start... 86001 - 87001 download start... 84001 - 85001 download end !!! 85001 - 86001 download end !!! 86001 - 87001 download end !!! cost time 1482.53886433 s87001 - 88001 download start... 88001 - 89001 download start... 89001 - 90001 download start...
以上就是關于python實現爬蟲統計學校BBS男女比例的第二篇，重點介紹了多線程爬蟲，希望對大家的學習有所幫助。
