Python發送郵件需要smtplib和email兩個模塊。也正是由于我們在實際工作中可以導入這些模塊,才使得處理工作中的任務變得更加的簡單。今天,就來好好學習一下使用Python發送郵件吧。
SMTP是發送郵件的協議,Python內置對SMTP的支持,可以發送純文本郵件、HTML郵件以及帶附件的郵件。
Python對SMTP支持有smtplib和email兩個模塊,email負責構造郵件,smtplib負責發送郵件。
1.郵件正文是文本的格式
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport smtplibimport sysimport csvimport xlrdfrom pyExcelerator import *import osimport xlwtfrom xlutils.copy import copyimport pyExceleratorimport datetimeimport timereload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")mailto_list = [""] # 郵件接收方的郵件地址mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 郵件傳送協議服務器mail_user = "" # 郵件發送方的郵箱賬號mail_pass = "" # 郵件發送方的郵箱密碼def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白癡夢"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg['Subject'] = sub # 郵件主題 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白癡夢" content = '...' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content): print "發送成功" else: print "發送失敗"
2.郵件正文是表格的格式:由于是表格,所以我們選擇HTML來實現表格的功能,郵件上面顯示的就是HTML實現的內容了。
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport smtplibimport sysimport csvimport xlrdfrom pyExcelerator import *import osimport xlwtfrom xlutils.copy import copyimport pyExceleratorimport datetimeimport timereload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")mailto_list = [""] # 郵件接收方的郵件地址mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 郵件傳送協議服務器mail_user = "" # 郵件發送方的郵箱賬號mail_pass = "" # 郵件發送方的郵箱密碼def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白癡夢"+"<"+mail_user+">" # 和上面的代碼不同的就是,這里我們選擇的是html 的格式 msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8') msg['Subject'] = sub # 郵件主題 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白癡夢" html = '<html></html>' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): print "發送成功" else: print "發送失敗"
3.郵件正文是圖片的格式:要把圖片嵌入到郵件正文中,我們只需按照發送附件的方式,先把郵件作為附件添加進去,然后,在HTML中通過引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作為圖片嵌入了。如果有多個圖片,給它們依次編號,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。
def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白癡夢"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['Subject'] = sub # 郵件主題 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) txt = MIMEText("天才白癡夢", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') msg.attach(txt) # <b>:黑體 <i>:斜體 msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img msg.attach(msgText) file1 = "F://1.jpg" image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') msg.attach(image) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白癡夢" html = '<html></html>' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): print "發送成功" else: print "發送失敗"
4.發送郵件附件:郵件附件是圖片
def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白癡夢"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['Subject'] = sub # 郵件主題 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) txt = MIMEText("天才白癡夢", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') msg.attach(txt) # # <b>:黑體 <i>:斜體 # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img # msg.attach(msgText) # # file1 = "F://1.jpg" # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') # msg.attach(image) att = MIMEText(open('F://1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msg.attach(att) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return False
5.發送群郵件:同時發送給多人
mailto_list = [""] # 郵件接收方的郵件地址
上面這一行代碼是郵件接收方的郵件地址,如果我們需要給多人發送郵件的話,就只需要把對方的郵件帳號綁在這一個列表里就ok了。
加密SMTP
使用標準的25端口連接SMTP服務器時,使用的是明文傳輸,發送郵件的整個過程可能會被竊聽。要更安全地發送郵件,可以加密SMTP會話,實際上就是先創建SSL安全連接,然后再使用SMTP協議發送郵件。
方法:只需要在創建SMTP對象后,立刻調用starttls()方法,就創建了安全連接。
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'smtp_port = 25 # 默認端口號為25server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)server.starttls()# 剩下的代碼和前面的一模一樣:server.set_debuglevel(1) # 打印出和SMTP服務器交互的所有信息
以上就是關于Python發送郵件詳細解析,希望對大家的學習有所幫助。