0. xlrd是Python讀取Excel文件內容的一個類庫。正常使用pip就可以安裝了。不管2.7.*還是3.*都可以正常使用。它是一個神奇的讀取模塊!
import xlrd #導入模塊1. 打開Excel文件讀取數據
data = xlrd.open_workbook('ExcelFile.xlsx')data相當于文件句柄。后面只要操作,只要找data就可以了。8過,xlrd貌似木有關閉方法。所以一開始說它很神奇。
2. 讀取內容三種方式:
2.1 通過索引順序獲取<1>
worktable = data.sheets()[0]2.2 通過索引順序獲取<2>
worktable = data.sheet_by_index(0)2.3 通過名稱獲取
worktable = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')3. Excel Sheet的行、列:
3.1 獲取行數和列數
nrows1 = worktable.nrowsncols1 = worktable.ncols3.2 獲取整行和整列的值
worktable.row_values(i)worktable.col_values(i)3.3 循環行列表數據
for i in range(nrows1): PRint worktable.row_values(i)4. 單元格:4.1 直接取單元格值<1>worktable.cell(0,0).value.encode('utf-8')4.2 直接取單元格值<2>worktable.cell_value(0,0).encode('utf-8')4.3 按行、列定位取值worktable.row(0)[0].value.encode('utf-8')worktable.col(0)[0].value.encode('utf-8')5. 日期處理:
Excel里的日期格式如果不加處理,會返回一個浮點數。所以,需要簡單處理一下。
if table.cell(rownum, colnum).ctype == 3: date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(table.cell_value(rownum, colnum), data.datemode) date_tmp = date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y/%m/%d')6. 舉個栗子:
#coding=utf-8import xlrdfrom datetime import datedef open_excel(file= 'file.xlsx'): try: data = xlrd.open_workbook(file) return data except Exception, e: print str(e)def excel_table_byindex(file1= 'file.xlsx',colnameindex=0,by_index=0): data = open_excel(file1) # table = data.sheets()[by_index] # 也是可以的 table = data.sheet_by_index(by_index) nrows = table.nrows #行數 ncols = table.ncols #列數 colnames = table.row_values(colnameindex) #某一行數據 list = [] for rownum in range(1, nrows): row = table.row_values(rownum) if row: app = {} for i in range(len(colnames)): if table.cell(rownum, i).ctype == 3: date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(table.cell_value(rownum, i), data.datemode) date_tmp = date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y/%m/%d') app[colnames[i]] = date_tmp else: app[colnames[i]] = row[i] list.append(app) return listdef excel_table_byname(file1 = 'file.xlsx', colnameindex = 0, by_name = u'Sheet1'): data = open_excel(file1) table = data.sheet_by_name(by_name) nrows = table.nrows #行數 colnames = table.row_values(colnameindex) #某一行數據 list =[] for rownum in range(1, nrows): row = table.row_values(rownum) if row: app = {} for i in range(len(colnames)): app[colnames[i]] = row[i] list.append(app) return listdef main(): tables = excel_table_byindex() for row in tables: for key, value in row.items(): print key + " =>", print value printif __name__ == "__main__": main()
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