本文實(shí)例講述了Zend Framework教程之路由功能Zend_Controller_Router用法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
Zend Framework的路由提供了兩個(gè)主要功能路由和創(chuàng)建路由。
Zend_Controller_Router的Route類和相應(yīng)Route目錄下的類定義常見(jiàn)的路由操作。
接口Zend_Controller_Router_Interface，類Zend_Controller_Router_Abstract和Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite完成了基本的路由，創(chuàng)建路由，刪除路由的功能。
└── Router
├── Abstract.php
├── Exception.php
├── Interface.php
├── Rewrite.php
├── Route
│ ├── Abstract.php
│ ├── Chain.php
│ ├── Hostname.php
│ ├── Interface.php
│ ├── Module.php
│ ├── Regex.php
│ └── Static.php
└── Route.php
Zend_Controller_Router路由功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)
Zend_Controller_Router_Interface
<?phpinterface Zend_Controller_Router_Interface{ /** * Processes a request and sets its controller and action. If * no route was possible, an exception is thrown. * * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract|boolean */ public function route(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $dispatcher); /** * Generates a URL path that can be used in URL creation, redirection, etc. * * May be passed user params to override ones from URI, Request or even defaults. * If passed parameter has a value of null, it's URL variable will be reset to * default. * * If null is passed as a route name assemble will use the current Route or 'default' * if current is not yet set. * * Reset is used to signal that all parameters should be reset to it's defaults. * Ignoring all URL specified values. User specified params still get precedence. * * Encode tells to url encode resulting path parts. * * @param array $userParams Options passed by a user used to override parameters * @param mixed $name The name of a Route to use * @param bool $reset Whether to reset to the route defaults ignoring URL params * @param bool $encode Tells to encode URL parts on output * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return string Resulting URL path */ public function assemble($userParams, $name = null, $reset = false, $encode = true); /** * Retrieve Front Controller * * @return Zend_Controller_Front */ public function getFrontController(); /** * Set Front Controller * * @param Zend_Controller_Front $controller * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */ public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $controller); /** * Add or modify a parameter with which to instantiate any helper objects * * @param string $name * @param mixed $param * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */ public function setParam($name, $value); /** * Set an array of a parameters to pass to helper object constructors * * @param array $params * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */ public function setParams(array $params); /** * Retrieve a single parameter from the controller parameter stack * * @param string $name * @return mixed */ public function getParam($name); /** * Retrieve the parameters to pass to helper object constructors * * @return array */ public function getParams(); /** * Clear the controller parameter stack * * By default, clears all parameters. If a parameter name is given, clears * only that parameter; if an array of parameter names is provided, clears * each. * * @param null|string|array single key or array of keys for params to clear * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */ public function clearParams($name = null);} Zend_Controller_Router_Abstract
<?php/** Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Interface.php';abstract class Zend_Controller_Router_Abstract implements Zend_Controller_Router_Interface{ /** * URI delimiter */ const URI_DELIMITER = '/'; /** * Front controller instance * @var Zend_Controller_Front */ protected $_frontController; /** * Array of invocation parameters to use when instantiating action * controllers * @var array */ protected $_invokeParams = array(); /** * Constructor * * @param array $params * @return void */ public function __construct(array $params = array()) { $this->setParams($params); } /** * Add or modify a parameter to use when instantiating an action controller * * @param string $name * @param mixed $value * @return Zend_Controller_Router */ public function setParam($name, $value) { $name = (string) $name; $this->_invokeParams[$name] = $value; return $this; } /** * Set parameters to pass to action controller constructors * * @param array $params * @return Zend_Controller_Router */ public function setParams(array $params) { $this->_invokeParams = array_merge($this->_invokeParams, $params); return $this; } /** * Retrieve a single parameter from the controller parameter stack * * @param string $name * @return mixed */ public function getParam($name) { if(isset($this->_invokeParams[$name])) { return $this->_invokeParams[$name]; } return null; } /** * Retrieve action controller instantiation parameters * * @return array */ public function getParams() { return $this->_invokeParams; } /** * Clear the controller parameter stack * * By default, clears all parameters. If a parameter name is given, clears * only that parameter; if an array of parameter names is provided, clears * each. * * @param null|string|array single key or array of keys for params to clear * @return Zend_Controller_Router */ public function clearParams($name = null) { if (null === $name) { $this->_invokeParams = array(); } elseif (is_string($name) && isset($this->_invokeParams[$name])) { unset($this->_invokeParams[$name]); } elseif (is_array($name)) { foreach ($name as $key) { if (is_string($key) && isset($this->_invokeParams[$key])) { unset($this->_invokeParams[$key]); } } } return $this; } /** * Retrieve Front Controller * * @return Zend_Controller_Front */ public function getFrontController() { // Used cache version if found if (null !== $this->_frontController) { return $this->_frontController; } require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php'; $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance(); return $this->_frontController; } /** * Set Front Controller * * @param Zend_Controller_Front $controller * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Interface */ public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $controller) { $this->_frontController = $controller; return $this; }} Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite
<?php/** Zend_Controller_Router_Abstract */require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Abstract.php';/** Zend_Controller_Router_Route */require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Route.php';class Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite extends Zend_Controller_Router_Abstract{ /** * Whether or not to use default routes * * @var boolean */ protected $_useDefaultRoutes = true; /** * Array of routes to match against * * @var array */ protected $_routes = array(); /** * Currently matched route * * @var Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface */ protected $_currentRoute = null; /** * Global parameters given to all routes * * @var array */ protected $_globalParams = array(); /** * Separator to use with chain names * * @var string */ protected $_chainNameSeparator = '-'; /** * Determines if request parameters should be used as global parameters * inside this router. * * @var boolean */ protected $_useCurrentParamsAsGlobal = false; /** * Add default routes which are used to mimic basic router behaviour * * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function addDefaultRoutes() { if (!$this->hasRoute('default')) { $dispatcher = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher(); $request = $this->getFrontController()->getRequest(); require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Route/Module.php'; $compat = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Module(array(), $dispatcher, $request); $this->_routes = array('default' => $compat) + $this->_routes; } return $this; } /** * Add route to the route chain * * If route contains method setRequest(), it is initialized with a request object * * @param string $name Name of the route * @param Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface $route Instance of the route * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function addRoute($name, Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface $route) { if (method_exists($route, 'setRequest')) { $route->setRequest($this->getFrontController()->getRequest()); } $this->_routes[$name] = $route; return $this; } /** * Add routes to the route chain * * @param array $routes Array of routes with names as keys and routes as values * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function addRoutes($routes) { foreach ($routes as $name => $route) { $this->addRoute($name, $route); } return $this; } /** * Create routes out of Zend_Config configuration * * Example INI: * routes.archive.route = "archive/:year/*" * routes.archive.defaults.controller = archive * routes.archive.defaults.action = show * routes.archive.defaults.year = 2000 * routes.archive.reqs.year = "/d+" * * routes.news.type = "Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static" * routes.news.route = "news" * routes.news.defaults.controller = "news" * routes.news.defaults.action = "list" * * And finally after you have created a Zend_Config with above ini: * $router = new Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite(); * $router->addConfig($config, 'routes'); * * @param Zend_Config $config Configuration object * @param string $section Name of the config section containing route's definitions * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function addConfig(Zend_Config $config, $section = null) { if ($section !== null) { if ($config->{$section} === null) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("No route configuration in section '{$section}'"); } $config = $config->{$section}; } foreach ($config as $name => $info) { $route = $this->_getRouteFromConfig($info); if ($route instanceof Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Chain) { if (!isset($info->chain)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("No chain defined"); } if ($info->chain instanceof Zend_Config) { $childRouteNames = $info->chain; } else { $childRouteNames = explode(',', $info->chain); } foreach ($childRouteNames as $childRouteName) { $childRoute = $this->getRoute(trim($childRouteName)); $route->chain($childRoute); } $this->addRoute($name, $route); } elseif (isset($info->chains) && $info->chains instanceof Zend_Config) { $this->_addChainRoutesFromConfig($name, $route, $info->chains); } else { $this->addRoute($name, $route); } } return $this; } /** * Get a route frm a config instance * * @param Zend_Config $info * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface */ protected function _getRouteFromConfig(Zend_Config $info) { $class = (isset($info->type)) ? $info->type : 'Zend_Controller_Router_Route'; if (!class_exists($class)) { require_once 'Zend/Loader.php'; Zend_Loader::loadClass($class); } $route = call_user_func(array($class, 'getInstance'), $info); if (isset($info->abstract) && $info->abstract && method_exists($route, 'isAbstract')) { $route->isAbstract(true); } return $route; } /** * Add chain routes from a config route * * @param string $name * @param Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface $route * @param Zend_Config $childRoutesInfo * @return void */ protected function _addChainRoutesFromConfig($name, Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface $route, Zend_Config $childRoutesInfo) { foreach ($childRoutesInfo as $childRouteName => $childRouteInfo) { if (is_string($childRouteInfo)) { $childRouteName = $childRouteInfo; $childRoute = $this->getRoute($childRouteName); } else { $childRoute = $this->_getRouteFromConfig($childRouteInfo); } if ($route instanceof Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Chain) { $chainRoute = clone $route; $chainRoute->chain($childRoute); } else { $chainRoute = $route->chain($childRoute); } $chainName = $name . $this->_chainNameSeparator . $childRouteName; if (isset($childRouteInfo->chains)) { $this->_addChainRoutesFromConfig($chainName, $chainRoute, $childRouteInfo->chains); } else { $this->addRoute($chainName, $chainRoute); } } } /** * Remove a route from the route chain * * @param string $name Name of the route * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function removeRoute($name) { if (!isset($this->_routes[$name])) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("Route $name is not defined"); } unset($this->_routes[$name]); return $this; } /** * Remove all standard default routes * * @param Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface Route * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function removeDefaultRoutes() { $this->_useDefaultRoutes = false; return $this; } /** * Check if named route exists * * @param string $name Name of the route * @return boolean */ public function hasRoute($name) { return isset($this->_routes[$name]); } /** * Retrieve a named route * * @param string $name Name of the route * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface Route object */ public function getRoute($name) { if (!isset($this->_routes[$name])) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("Route $name is not defined"); } return $this->_routes[$name]; } /** * Retrieve a currently matched route * * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface Route object */ public function getCurrentRoute() { if (!isset($this->_currentRoute)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("Current route is not defined"); } return $this->getRoute($this->_currentRoute); } /** * Retrieve a name of currently matched route * * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface Route object */ public function getCurrentRouteName() { if (!isset($this->_currentRoute)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception("Current route is not defined"); } return $this->_currentRoute; } /** * Retrieve an array of routes added to the route chain * * @return array All of the defined routes */ public function getRoutes() { return $this->_routes; } /** * Find a matching route to the current PATH_INFO and inject * returning values to the Request object. * * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract Request object */ public function route(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request) { if (!$request instanceof Zend_Controller_Request_Http) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception('Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite requires a Zend_Controller_Request_Http-based request object'); } if ($this->_useDefaultRoutes) { $this->addDefaultRoutes(); } // Find the matching route $routeMatched = false; foreach (array_reverse($this->_routes, true) as $name => $route) { // TODO: Should be an interface method. Hack for 1.0 BC if (method_exists($route, 'isAbstract') && $route->isAbstract()) { continue; } // TODO: Should be an interface method. Hack for 1.0 BC if (!method_exists($route, 'getVersion') || $route->getVersion() == 1) { $match = $request->getPathInfo(); } else { $match = $request; } if ($params = $route->match($match)) { $this->_setRequestParams($request, $params); $this->_currentRoute = $name; $routeMatched = true; break; } } if (!$routeMatched) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception('No route matched the request', 404); } if($this->_useCurrentParamsAsGlobal) { $params = $request->getParams(); foreach($params as $param => $value) { $this->setGlobalParam($param, $value); } } return $request; } protected function _setRequestParams($request, $params) { foreach ($params as $param => $value) { $request->setParam($param, $value); if ($param === $request->getModuleKey()) { $request->setModuleName($value); } if ($param === $request->getControllerKey()) { $request->setControllerName($value); } if ($param === $request->getActionKey()) { $request->setActionName($value); } } } /** * Generates a URL path that can be used in URL creation, redirection, etc. * * @param array $userParams Options passed by a user used to override parameters * @param mixed $name The name of a Route to use * @param bool $reset Whether to reset to the route defaults ignoring URL params * @param bool $encode Tells to encode URL parts on output * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return string Resulting absolute URL path */ public function assemble($userParams, $name = null, $reset = false, $encode = true) { if (!is_array($userParams)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Router/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Router_Exception('userParams must be an array'); } if ($name == null) { try { $name = $this->getCurrentRouteName(); } catch (Zend_Controller_Router_Exception $e) { $name = 'default'; } } // Use UNION (+) in order to preserve numeric keys $params = $userParams + $this->_globalParams; $route = $this->getRoute($name); $url = $route->assemble($params, $reset, $encode); if (!preg_match('|^[a-z]+://|', $url)) { $url = rtrim($this->getFrontController()->getBaseUrl(), self::URI_DELIMITER) . self::URI_DELIMITER . $url; } return $url; } /** * Set a global parameter * * @param string $name * @param mixed $value * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function setGlobalParam($name, $value) { $this->_globalParams[$name] = $value; return $this; } /** * Set the separator to use with chain names * * @param string $separator The separator to use * @return Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite */ public function setChainNameSeparator($separator) { $this->_chainNameSeparator = $separator; return $this; } /** * Get the separator to use for chain names * * @return string */ public function getChainNameSeparator() { return $this->_chainNameSeparator; } /** * Determines/returns whether to use the request parameters as global parameters. * * @param boolean|null $use * Null/unset when you want to retrieve the current state. * True when request parameters should be global, false otherwise * @return boolean|Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite * Returns a boolean if first param isn't set, returns an * instance of Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite otherwise. * */ public function useRequestParametersAsGlobal($use = null) { if($use === null) { return $this->_useCurrentParamsAsGlobal; } $this->_useCurrentParamsAsGlobal = (bool) $use; return $this; }} 添加路由的操作方法
public function addRoute($name, Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface $route)
public function addRoutes($routes)
$router = $ctrl->getRouter(); // returns a rewrite router by default$router->addRoute('user', new Zend_Controller_Router_Route('user/:username')); addRoute的第一個(gè)參數(shù)是路由名。第二個(gè)參數(shù)是路由自己。路由名最普通的用法是通過(guò)Zend_View_Url助手的方法：
"<?= $this->url(array('username' => 'martel'), 'user') ?>">Martel</a> 它將導(dǎo)致在 href： user/martel.
路由是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)程，這個(gè)過(guò)程通過(guò)所有提供的路由和匹配它的當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求的URI定義來(lái)迭代。當(dāng)一個(gè)正匹配被發(fā)現(xiàn)，變量值從路由實(shí)例返回并注入到Zend_Controller_Request對(duì)象以備將來(lái)在派遣器和用戶創(chuàng)建的控制器中使用。如果是負(fù)匹配，在鏈中的下個(gè)路由被檢查。
Note: 倒序匹配
用倒序來(lái)匹配路由確保最通用的路由被首先定義。
Note: 返回的值
從路由返回的值來(lái)自于URL參數(shù)或用于定義的缺省值。這些變量以后可通過(guò)Zend_Controller_Request::getParam() 或 Zend_Controller_Action::_getParam() 方法來(lái)訪問(wèn)。
有三個(gè)特殊的變量可用于你的路由－'module'、 'controller' 和 'action'。這些特殊的變量被Zend_Controller_Dispatcher用來(lái)找出控制器和動(dòng)作然后派遣過(guò)去。
Note: 特殊變量
如果你選擇通過(guò) setControllerKey 和 setActionKey方法的方式來(lái)改變?nèi)笔≈担@些特殊變量的名字可能會(huì)不同。
缺省路由
Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite 和缺省路由一起預(yù)先配置，它將以controller/action的形式匹配URIs。另外，模塊名可以被指定作為第一個(gè)路徑參數(shù)，允許這種module/controller/action形式的URIs。最后，它也將缺省地匹配任何另外的追加到URI的參數(shù)－controller/action/var1/value1/var2/value2。
一些路由如何匹配的例子：
// Assuming the following:$ctrl->setControllerDirectory( array( 'default' => '/path/to/default/controllers', 'news' => '/path/to/news/controllers', 'blog' => '/path/to/blog/controllers' ));Module only:http://example/news module == newsInvalid module maps to controller name:http://example/foo controller == fooModule + controller:http://example/blog/archive module == blog controller == archiveModule + controller + action:http://example/blog/archive/list module == blog controller == archive action == listModule + controller + action + params:http://example/blog/archive/list/sort/alpha/date/desc module == blog controller == archive action == list sort == alpha date == desc
缺省路由是存儲(chǔ)在RewriteRouter名（index）為'default'的簡(jiǎn)單的Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Module對(duì)象。它被創(chuàng)建多多少少象下面這樣：
$compat = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Module(array(), $dispatcher, $request);$this->addRoute('default', $compat); 如果你不想這個(gè)特別的缺省路由在你的路由計(jì)劃中，你可以重寫(xiě)你自己的‘缺省'路由（例如，把它存儲(chǔ)在'default'名下）或用removeDefaultRoutes()完全清除它：
// Remove any default routes$router->removeDefaultRoutes();
為了增加路由的靈活性，方便自定義新的路由類型，Zend_Controller_Router定義了Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface接口和類Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Abstract,實(shí)現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的類方法即可定義路由類型，為開(kāi)發(fā)提供了便利。
Zend_Controller_Router的路由類型
Zend_Controller_Router默認(rèn)提供了以下路由類型，分別為:
Zend_Controller_Router_Route
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Hostname
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Module
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Chain
Zend_Controller_Router_Route
Zend_Controller_Router_Route是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的框架路由。它結(jié)合了靈活路由定義的易用性。每個(gè)路由包含了基本的URL映射（靜態(tài)的和動(dòng)態(tài)的部分（變量））并且可以被缺省地初始化，也可以根據(jù)不同的要求初始化。
讓我們想象一下我們假設(shè)的應(yīng)用程序?qū)⑿枰恍V域內(nèi)容作者的信息頁(yè)面。我們想能夠把瀏覽器指向http://domain.com/author/martel去看一個(gè)叫"martel"的信息。有這樣功能的路由看起來(lái)是這樣的：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( 'author/:username', array( 'controller' => 'profile', 'action' => 'userinfo' ));$router->addRoute('user', $route); 在Zend_Controller_Router_Route里構(gòu)造函數(shù)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)是路由的定義，它將匹配一個(gè)URL。路由定義包含靜態(tài)的和動(dòng)態(tài)部分，它們由正斜杠('/')符分開(kāi)。靜態(tài)部分只是簡(jiǎn)單的字符：author。動(dòng)態(tài)部分，被叫做變量，用預(yù)設(shè)的冒號(hào)來(lái)標(biāo)記變量名：:username。
Note: 字符的的用法
當(dāng)前的實(shí)現(xiàn)允許你使用任何字符（正斜杠除外）作為變量標(biāo)識(shí)符，但強(qiáng)烈建議只使用PHP使用的變量標(biāo)識(shí)符。將來(lái)的實(shí)現(xiàn)也許會(huì)改變這個(gè)行為，它可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在你的代碼里有隱藏的bugs。
當(dāng)你把瀏覽器指向http://domain.com/author/martel這個(gè)例子的路由應(yīng)該被匹配，它所有的變量將被注入到Zend_Controller_Request對(duì)象并在ProfileController可訪問(wèn)。由這個(gè)例子返回的變量可能會(huì)被表示為如下鍵和值配對(duì)的數(shù)組：
$values = array( 'username' => 'martel', 'controller' => 'profile', 'action' => 'userinfo');
稍后，基于這些值，Zend_Controller_Dispatcher_Standard應(yīng)該調(diào)用ProfileController類（在缺省模塊中）中的userinfoAction()方法。你將依靠Zend_Controller_Action::_getParam()或者Zend_Controller_Request::getParam()方法能夠訪問(wèn)所有的變量：
public function userinfoAction(){ $request = $this->getRequest(); $username = $request->getParam('username'); $username = $this->_getParam('username');} 路由定義可以包一個(gè)額外的特別字符－通配符－表示為'*'號(hào)。它被用來(lái)取得參數(shù)，和缺省模塊路由類似（在URI中定義的var=>value）。下面的路由多多少少地模仿了模塊路由的行為：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( ':module/:controller/:action/*', array('module' => 'default'));$router->addRoute('default', $route); 變量缺省
在路由中每個(gè)變量可以有一個(gè)缺省值，這就是Zend_Controller_Router_Route中構(gòu)造函數(shù)使用的第二個(gè)變量。這個(gè)參數(shù)是一個(gè)數(shù)組，在數(shù)組中鍵表示變量名，值就是期望的缺省值：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( 'archive/:year', array('year' => 2006));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 上述路由將匹配象http://domain.com/archive/2005和http://example.com/archive的URLs。對(duì)于后者變量year將有一個(gè)初始的缺省值為2006。
這個(gè)例子將導(dǎo)致注入一個(gè)year變量給請(qǐng)求對(duì)象。應(yīng)為沒(méi)有路由信息出現(xiàn)（沒(méi)有控制器和動(dòng)作參數(shù)被定義），應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒈慌汕步o缺省的控制器和動(dòng)作方法（它們都在Zend_Controller_Dispatcher_Abstract被定義）。為使它更可用，你必須提供一個(gè)有效的控制器和動(dòng)作作為路由的缺省值：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( 'archive/:year', array( 'year' => 2006, 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show' ));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 這個(gè)路由將導(dǎo)致派遣給ArchiveController類的showAction()方法。
變量請(qǐng)求
當(dāng)變量請(qǐng)求被設(shè)定，第三個(gè)參數(shù)可以加給Zend_Controller_Router_Route的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。這些被定義為正則表達(dá)式的一部分：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( 'archive/:year', array( 'year' => 2006, 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show' ), array('year' => '/d+'));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 用上述定義的路由，路由器僅當(dāng)year變量包含數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)將匹配它，例如http://domain.com/archive/2345。象http://example.com/archive/test這樣的URL將不被匹配并且控制將被傳遞給在鏈中的下一個(gè)路由。
主機(jī)名路由
你也可以使用主機(jī)名做路由匹配。對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的匹配使用靜態(tài)主機(jī)名選項(xiàng)：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( array( 'host' => 'blog.mysite.com', 'path' => 'archive' ), array( 'module' => 'blog', 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'index' ));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 如果你想匹配參數(shù)在主機(jī)名里，使用 regex 選項(xiàng)。在下面例子中，子域?yàn)閯?dòng)作控制器被用作用戶名參數(shù)。 當(dāng)組裝路由時(shí)，你可以給出用戶名為參數(shù)，就像你用其它路徑參數(shù)一樣：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( array( 'host' => array( 'regex' => '([a-z]+).mysite.com', 'reverse' => '%s.mysite.com' 'params' => array( 1 => 'username' ) ), 'path' => '' ), array( 'module' => 'users', 'controller' => 'profile', 'action' => 'index' ));$router->addRoute('profile', $route); Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static
設(shè)置固定不變的路由：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static( 'login', array('controller' => 'auth', 'action' => 'login'));$router->addRoute('login', $route); 上面的路由將匹配http://domain.com/login的URL，并分派到 AuthController::loginAction().
Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex
除了缺省的和靜態(tài)的路由類型外，正則表達(dá)式路由類型也可用。這個(gè)路由比其它路由更強(qiáng)更靈活，只是稍微有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜。同時(shí)，它應(yīng)該比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由快。
象標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由一樣，這個(gè)路由必須用路由定義和一些缺省條件來(lái)初始化。讓我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)archive路由作為例子，和先前定義的類似，這次只是用了Regex：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)', array( 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show' ));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 每個(gè)定義的regex子模式將被注入到請(qǐng)求對(duì)象里。同上述的例子，再成功匹配http://domain.com/archive/2006之后，結(jié)果值的數(shù)組看起來(lái)象這樣：
$values = array( 1 => '2006', 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show');
Note: 在匹配之前，開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾的斜杠從路由器里的URL中去除掉了。結(jié)果，匹配http://domain.com/foo/bar/，需要foo/bar這樣的regex，而不是/foo/bar。
Note: 行開(kāi)頭和行結(jié)尾符號(hào)（分別為'^' 和 '$'）被自動(dòng)預(yù)先追加到所有表達(dá)式。這樣，你不需要在你的正則表達(dá)式里用它們，你應(yīng)該匹配整個(gè)字符串。
Note: 這個(gè)路由類使用#符作為分隔符。這意味著你將需要避免哈希符（'#'）但不是正斜杠（'/'）在你的路由定義里。因?yàn)?#39;#'符（名稱為錨）很少被傳給webserver，你將幾乎不需要在你的regex里使用它。
你可以用通常的辦法獲得已定義的子模式的內(nèi)容：
public function showAction(){ $request = $this->getRequest(); $year = $request->getParam(1); // $year = '2006';} Note: 注意這個(gè)鍵是整數(shù)(1) 而不是字符串('1')。
因?yàn)?#39;year'的缺省沒(méi)有設(shè)置，這個(gè)路由將和它的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由副本不是非常精確地相同。即使我們?yōu)?#39;year'聲明一個(gè)缺省并使子模式可選，也不清楚是否會(huì)在拖尾斜杠(trailing slash)上還將有問(wèn)題。方案是使整個(gè)'year'部分和斜杠一起可選但只抓取數(shù)字部分：（這段比較繞口，請(qǐng)校對(duì)者仔細(xì)看看，謝謝 Jason Qi）
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive(?:/(/d+))?', array( 1 => '2006', 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show' ));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 讓我們看看你可能注意到的問(wèn)題。 給參數(shù)使用基于整數(shù)的鍵不是容易管理的辦法，今后可能會(huì)有問(wèn)題。這就是為什么有第三個(gè)參數(shù)。這是個(gè)聯(lián)合數(shù)組表示一個(gè)regex子模式到參數(shù)名鍵的映射。我們來(lái)看看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)', array( 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show' ), array( 1 => 'year' ));$router->addRoute('archive', $route); 這將導(dǎo)致下面的值被注入到請(qǐng)求：
$values = array( 'year' => '2006', 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show');
這個(gè)映射被任何目錄來(lái)定義使它能工作于任何環(huán)境。鍵可以包含變量名或子模式索引：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)', array( ... ), array(1 => 'year'));// OR$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)', array( ... ), array('year' => 1)); Note: 子模式鍵必須用整數(shù)表示。
注意在請(qǐng)求值中的數(shù)字索引不見(jiàn)了，代替的是一個(gè)名字變量。當(dāng)然如果你愿意可以把數(shù)字和名字變量混合使用：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)/page/(/d+)', array( ... ), array('year' => 1)); 這將導(dǎo)致在請(qǐng)求中有混合的值可用。例如：URLhttp://domain.com/archive/2006/page/10將在下列結(jié)果中：
$values = array( 'year' => '2006', 2 => 10, 'controller' => 'archive', 'action' => 'show');
因?yàn)閞egex模型不容易顛倒，如果你想用URL助手或這個(gè)類中的 assemble方法，你需要準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)顛倒的URL。這個(gè)顛倒的路徑用可由sprintf()解析的字符串來(lái)表示并定義為第四個(gè)構(gòu)造參數(shù)：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'archive/(/d+)', array( ... ), array('year' => 1), 'archive/%s'); 所有這些都已經(jīng)可能由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由對(duì)象完成，那么使用Regex路由的好處在哪里？首先，它允許你不受限制地描述任何類型的URL。想象一下你有一個(gè)博客并希望創(chuàng)建象http://domain.com/blog/archive/01-Using_the_Regex_Router.html這樣的URLs，還有把解析它路徑元素中的最后部分，01-Using_the_Regex_Router.html，到一個(gè)文章的ID和文章的標(biāo)題/描述；這不可能由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由完成。用Regex路由，你可以做象下面的方案：
$route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex( 'blog/archive/(/d+)-(.+)/.html', array( 'controller' => 'blog', 'action' => 'view' ), array( 1 => 'id', 2 => 'description' ), 'blog/archive/%d-%s.html');$router->addRoute('blogArchive', $route); 正如你所看到的，這個(gè)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)路由上添加了巨大的靈活性。
通過(guò)配置文件定義路由規(guī)則
例如
[production]routes.archive.route = "archive/:year/*"routes.archive.defaults.controller = archiveroutes.archive.defaults.action = showroutes.archive.defaults.year = 2000routes.archive.reqs.year = "/d+"routes.news.type = "Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static"routes.news.route = "news"routes.news.defaults.controller = "news"routes.news.defaults.action = "list"routes.archive.type = "Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Regex"routes.archive.route = "archive/(/d+)"routes.archive.defaults.controller = "archive"routes.archive.defaults.action = "show"routes.archive.map.1 = "year"; OR: routes.archive.map.year = 1
上述的INI文件可以被讀進(jìn)Zend_Config對(duì)象：
$config = new Zend_Config_Ini('/path/to/config.ini', 'production');$router = new Zend_Controller_Router_Rewrite();$router->addConfig($config, 'routes'); 在上面的例子中，我們告訴路由器去使用INI文件'routes'一節(jié)給它的路由。每個(gè)在這個(gè)節(jié)下的頂級(jí)鍵將用來(lái)定義路由名；上述例子定義了路由'archive'和'news'。每個(gè)路由接著要求，至少，一個(gè)'route'條目和一個(gè)或更多'defaults'條目；可選地，一個(gè)或更多'reqs'（'required'的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)）可能要求提供?？傊?，這些相對(duì)應(yīng)的三個(gè)參數(shù)提供給Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Interface對(duì)象。一個(gè)選項(xiàng)鍵，'type'，可用來(lái)指定路由類的類型給特殊的路由；缺省地，它使用Zend_Controller_Router_Route。在上述例子中，'news'路由被定義來(lái)使用Zend_Controller_Router_Route_Static。
自定義路由類型
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的rewrite路由器應(yīng)當(dāng)最大限度提供你所需的功能；大多時(shí)候，為了通過(guò)已知的路由提供新的或修改的功能，你將只需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)新的路由類型
那就是說(shuō)，你可能想要用不同的路由范例。接口Zend_Controller_Router_Interface提供了需要最少的信息來(lái)創(chuàng)建路由器，并包含一個(gè)單個(gè)的方法。
interface Zend_Controller_Router_Interface{ /** * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request * @throws Zend_Controller_Router_Exception * @return Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract */ public function route(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request);} 路由只發(fā)生一次：當(dāng)請(qǐng)求第一次接收到系統(tǒng)。路由器的意圖是基于請(qǐng)求的環(huán)境決定控制器、動(dòng)作和可選的參數(shù)，并把它們發(fā)給請(qǐng)求。請(qǐng)求對(duì)象接著傳遞給派遣器。如果不可能映射一個(gè)路由到一個(gè)派遣令牌，路由器對(duì)請(qǐng)求對(duì)象就什么也不做。
