對php內核有一定了解的人應該都知道php的精髓就是HashTable，HashTable在php的實現中無處不在。包括php的數組、什么全局變量、局部變量的作用域等等，php的hashtable拆開來說就是四部分：

hash函數：用的是time33的散列函數，將一個字符串的key轉換成一個數字
一個C數組：用來儲存桶(buckets)的
兩個雙向的鏈表：第一個雙向鏈表是數組的每個元素（桶bucket）是一個雙向鏈表，這樣做是為了解決hash沖突；第二個雙向鏈表是數組將每一個桶(bucket)連接起來，這里要連接的也就是第一個雙向鏈表的鏈表頭，這樣做是為了遍歷整個hash表用的,鳥哥有篇blog是講php的foreach的，這里這樣設計就是給foreach用的==>《深入理解PHP之數組(遍歷順序)》
我這里不再說hashtable的struct和bucket的struct了，因為下面的推薦鏈接幾乎都講了，我不覺得我能描述和說的比他們好，每個人的水平不一樣，我就以我現在的技術水平來描述，所以我就只把我整理的一些東西記錄一下

下面是php中hash實現的兩個文件：zend_hash.c zend_hash.h。這兩個文件里面實現了一堆的api，也引申出了一堆的api，下面是實現出來的api的原型

復制代碼 代碼如下:

ZEND_API ulong zend_hash_func(const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength)
ZEND_API ulong zend_get_hash_value(const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength)
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_init(HashTable *ht, uint nSize, hash_func_t pHashFunction, dtor_func_t pDestructor, zend_bool persistent ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)
 ZEND_API void zend_hash_set_apply_protection(HashTable *ht, zend_bool bApplyProtection)
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_add_or_update(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_quick_add_or_update(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_index_update_or_next_insert(HashTable *ht, ulong h, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_rehash(HashTable *ht)
static int zend_hash_do_resize(HashTable *ht)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_del_key_or_index(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, int flag)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_destroy(HashTable *ht)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_clean(HashTable *ht)
static Bucket *zend_hash_apply_deleter(HashTable *ht, Bucket *p)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_graceful_destroy(HashTable *ht)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_graceful_reverse_destroy(HashTable *ht)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_apply(HashTable *ht, apply_func_t apply_func TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_apply_with_argument(HashTable *ht, apply_func_arg_t apply_func, void *argument TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(HashTable *ht TSRMLS_DC, apply_func_args_t apply_func, int num_args, …)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_reverse_apply(HashTable *ht, apply_func_t apply_func TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_copy(HashTable *target, HashTable *source, copy_ctor_func_t pCopyConstructor, void *tmp, uint size)
ZEND_API void _zend_hash_merge(HashTable *target, HashTable *source, copy_ctor_func_t pCopyConstructor, void *tmp, uint size, int overwrite ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC)
static zend_bool zend_hash_replace_checker_wrapper(HashTable *target, void *source_data, Bucket *p, void *pParam, merge_checker_func_t merge_checker_func)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_merge_ex(HashTable *target, HashTable *source, copy_ctor_func_t pCopyConstructor, uint size, merge_checker_func_t pMergeSource, void *pParam)   
ZEND_API int zend_hash_find(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, void **pData)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_quick_find(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, void **pData)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_exists(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_quick_exists(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_index_find(const HashTable *ht, ulong h, void **pData)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_index_exists(const HashTable *ht, ulong h)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_num_elements(const HashTable *ht)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_get_pointer(const HashTable *ht, HashPointer *ptr)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_set_pointer(HashTable *ht, const HashPointer *ptr)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(HashTable *ht, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API void zend_hash_internal_pointer_end_ex(HashTable *ht, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_move_forward_ex(HashTable *ht, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_move_backwards_ex(HashTable *ht, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_get_current_key_ex(const HashTable *ht, char **str_index, uint *str_length, ulong *num_index, zend_bool duplicate, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_get_current_key_type_ex(HashTable *ht, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(HashTable *ht, void **pData, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_update_current_key_ex(HashTable *ht, int key_type, const char *str_index, uint str_length, ulong num_index, int mode, HashPosition *pos)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_sort(HashTable *ht, sort_func_t sort_func, compare_func_t compar, int renumber TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_compare(HashTable *ht1, HashTable *ht2, compare_func_t compar, zend_bool ordered TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API int zend_hash_minmax(const HashTable *ht, compare_func_t compar, int flag, void **pData TSRMLS_DC)
ZEND_API ulong zend_hash_next_free_element(const HashTable *ht)
void zend_hash_display_pListTail(const HashTable *ht)
void zend_hash_display(const HashTable *ht)