EIGRP的定義
EIGRP:Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 即 增強(qiáng)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由線路協(xié)議。也翻譯為 加強(qiáng)型內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由協(xié)議。 EIGRP是Cisco公司的私有協(xié)議。Cisco公司是該協(xié)議的發(fā)明者和唯一具備該協(xié)議解釋和修改權(quán)的廠商。 EIGRP結(jié)合了鏈路狀態(tài)和距離矢量型路由選擇協(xié)議的Cisco專用協(xié)議，采用彌散修正算法（DUAL）來實(shí)現(xiàn)快速收斂，可以不發(fā)送定期的路由更新信息以減少帶寬的占用，支持Appletalk、IP、Novell和NetWare等多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議。
默認(rèn)路由
默認(rèn)路由是一種特殊的靜態(tài)路由,指的是當(dāng)路由表中與包的目的地址之間沒有匹配的表項(xiàng)時(shí)路由器能夠做出的選擇·如果沒有默認(rèn)路由，那么目的地址在路由表中沒有匹配表項(xiàng)的包將被丟棄· 默認(rèn)路由在某些時(shí)候非常有效，當(dāng)存在末梢網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，默認(rèn)路由會(huì)大大簡化路由器的配置，減輕管理員的工作負(fù)擔(dān)，提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。
實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)淙缦?，路由器R1、R2、R3為內(nèi)部路由器，而R4為外部路由，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康臑锳S內(nèi)部路由器發(fā)放默認(rèn)路由，那么如何實(shí)現(xiàn)呢，請(qǐng)看下面步驟。
基礎(chǔ)配置如下：
R1:
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 90
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
========================================================
R2:
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 90
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
========================================================
R3:
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 90
network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
=========================================================
R4:
interface Loopback0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/1
ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial1/1 34.1.1.3
方法1：通過在AS邊界路由器R3上重分發(fā)靜態(tài)的方式引入默認(rèn)路由
在R3配置如下：
R3:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial1/0 34.1.1.4
Router eigrp 90
Redistribute static
R1:
R1#show ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:15:47, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:14:57, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 [170/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:44, FastEthernet0/0
方法2:通過手工宣告默認(rèn)靜態(tài)路由，只是該路由不能指定下一跳
R3:
Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 1/0
Router eigrp 90
Network 0.0.0.0
R1:
R1#show ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 34.1.1.0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:23:44, FastEthernet0/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 3.3.3.0 [90/435200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:22:55, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
方法3:使用ip default-network x.x.x.x，注意在使用該方法時(shí)邊界路由器上要滿足三個(gè)條件，條件一：路由表中必須要有該主類路由條目(該主類的子網(wǎng)路由不算)，條件二：宣告時(shí)要同RIP一樣宣告該主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)，條件三：ip default-netwok 后的網(wǎng)絡(luò)也必須是主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
Ip default-network 34.0.0.0
Ip route 34.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 1/0 34.1.1.4 //R3并沒有該主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由
Router eigrp 90
Network 34.0.0.0
R1:
R1#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 34.0.0.0
34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D 34.1.1.0/24 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
D* 34.0.0.0/8 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
其實(shí)我們不一定非要指定外網(wǎng)出接口作為默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以使用環(huán)回接口作默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可可控性也很強(qiáng)，只寫出簡單配置：
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3：
Ip default-network 192.168.10.0
Interface loopback 1
Ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router eigrp 90
Network 192.168.10.0
R1:
R1#show ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 192.168.10.0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:12, FastEthernet0/0
D* 192.168.10.0/24 [90/435200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:12, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
和上面做出比較，環(huán)回接口更加穩(wěn)定，此外可以減小一個(gè)路由條目，內(nèi)網(wǎng)不需要公網(wǎng)的參與，編址也有所優(yōu)化，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中只有使用ip defaul-netwok下放的不是全0的默認(rèn)路由
方法4:由于EIGRP支持CIDR，而CIDR的極限就是0.0.0.0/0
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
Interface fastethernet 0/1
Ip summary-address eigrp 90 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
R1:
R1#show ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:16:44, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:16:44, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/332800] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0
以上就是Cisco網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議EIGRP向本區(qū)域下放默認(rèn)路由的設(shè)置方法，謝謝閱讀，希望能幫到大家，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注武林網(wǎng)，我們會(huì)努力分享更多優(yōu)秀的文章。
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