ssh自動(dòng)登錄的4種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法

2020-07-27 19:24:39

字體：大中小

供稿：網(wǎng)友

1. 自動(dòng)ssh/scp方法

A為本地主機(jī)(即用于控制其他主機(jī)的機(jī)器) ;
B為遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)(即被控制的機(jī)器Server), 假如ip為192.168.60.110;
A和B的系統(tǒng)都是Linux

在A上運(yùn)行命令:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa (連續(xù)三次回車,即在本地生成了公鑰和私鑰,不設(shè)置密碼)
# ssh root@192.168.60.110 "mkdir .ssh" (需要輸入密碼)
# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.60.110:.ssh/id_rsa.pub (需要輸入密碼)

在B上的命令:
# touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (如果已經(jīng)存在這個(gè)文件, 跳過這條)
# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (將id_rsa.pub的內(nèi)容追加到authorized_keys 中)

回到A機(jī)器:
# ssh root@192.168.60.110 (不需要密碼, 登錄成功)

2. 控制n個(gè)機(jī)器如上所述自動(dòng)登錄

那就需要n對(duì)鑰匙(密鑰和公鑰), ssh-keygen 命令可以隨意更改鑰匙對(duì)的名字, 比如:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110

這樣私鑰和公鑰的名字分別就是: id_rsa_192.168.60.110和 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub;然后將 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub 文件的內(nèi)容, 追加到sever的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中,最后, 在本地用ssh命令的 -i 參數(shù)指定本地密鑰, 并登錄:
# ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110

scp也是一樣的
# scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone

在文件.bashrc中加下兩行，每次做同樣的操作就不用敲入這樣長的命令了：
alias sshcell='ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110'
alias scpcell='scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone'

這樣，直接鍵入一下指令實(shí)現(xiàn)ssh和scp自動(dòng)登錄：
# sshcell
# scpcell

3. 自動(dòng)ssh/scp腳本

如果需要從A，到B，然后才能夠到C，那么需要ssh和scp兩次，是比較麻煩的。
ssh自動(dòng)登錄：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 30
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
send "ssh weiqiong@Cr"
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
interact

scp從A拷貝文件到C：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp $file weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
send "scp $file weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiongr"
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
exit
interact

scp從C拷貝文件到A：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
send "scp weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong/$file .r"
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
expect "]*"
send "exitr"
expect "]*"
spawn scp weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong/$file .
expect "password:"
send "ppppppr"
interact