iOS時間字符串格式化輸出技巧詳解

2020-07-26 02:50:59

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

供稿：網友

一.前言

最近項目開發過程中用到了大量的關于時間的處理,將后臺返回的時間字符串轉換為指定的格式時間再顯示在UI上.

例如: 將后臺返回的時間字符串2017-04-16 13:08:06轉換為:2017年04月16日、2017年04月、04月16日、2017-04-16、2017-04、04-16、13:08、星期幾等等.

項目是多人開發,由于前期沒有統一處理時間轉換的問題,后期發現項目中好多關于時間轉換的代碼,大部分都是通過(- : 等字符)截取成字符串數組再取相應時間拼接成指定格式,輸出在UI顯示的地方,代碼非常的臃腫,并且這種方式非常不可取.

原因:后臺返回的時間字符串并不都是 2017-04-16 13:08:06這種格式,還有2017-04-16這種格式,截取前需要長度格式等校驗,多了很多校驗代碼.非常不可取.

既然是時間,我們便要通過時間的思維來完成轉換問題,不要通過截取字符串的方式

于是我便寫了一個類,來統一處理轉換問題.

二.效果

具體怎么操作:

三.將時間字符串->NSDate

首先我們要將2017-04-16 13:08:06或2017-04-16這種格式時間字符串轉換為NSDate

我們新建一個NSDate的Category,筆者取名為NSDate+XHCategory,寫一個時間字符串->NSDate方法,代碼如下:

+(NSDate*)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}

為了兼用其他格式時間字符串,我們把可能的情況都寫上,如下

+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}

再寫一個統一轉換時間字符串為 NSDate的方法,如下:

+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithDateString:(NSString *)dateString{  NSDate *date = nil;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  return nil;}

四.將NSDate -> NSDateFormatter

為什么要再轉換為NSDateFormatter,有些人可能已經明白了,我們點開NSDateFormatter可以看到NSDateFormatter有以下屬性

@property (nullable, copy) NSCalendar *calendar NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@property (nullable, copy) NSTimeZone *timeZone NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@property NSInteger era;@property NSInteger year;@property NSInteger month;@property NSInteger day;@property NSInteger hour;@property NSInteger minute;@property NSInteger second;@property NSInteger nanosecond NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger weekday;@property NSInteger weekdayOrdinal;@property NSInteger quarter NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);@property NSInteger weekOfMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger weekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger yearForWeekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property (getter=isLeapMonth) BOOL leapMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *date NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@end

我們新建一個NSDateComponents 的Category,筆者取名NSDateComponents+XHCategory,并實現如下方法:

+(NSDateComponents *)xh_dateComponentsFromDate:(NSDate *)date{  NSDateComponents *components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSCalendarUnitYear| NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitWeekOfYear | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond | NSCalendarUnitWeekday | NSCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal fromDate:date];  return components;}

接著我們就可以進行轉換操作了,我們新建一個NSString的Category,筆者取名NSString+XHDateFormat

在NSString+XHDateFormat.h文件中寫上需要轉換的類型如下:

/** * x年x月x日 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYueRi;/** * x年x月 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYue;/** * x月x日 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatYueRi;/** * x年 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNian;/** * x時x分x秒 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFenMiao;/** * x時x分 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFen;/** * x分x秒 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatFenMiao;/** * yyyy-MM-dd */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd;/** * yyyy-MM */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM;/** * MM-dd */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_MM_dd;/** * yyyy */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy;/** * HH:mm:ss */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm_ss;/** * HH:mm */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm;/** * mm:ss */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_mm_ss;#pragma mark - 轉換為星期幾@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatWeekDay;

在 NSString+XHDateFormat.m 實現如下:

-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYueRi{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月%02ld日",date.year,date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYue{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月",date.year,date.month];}-(NSString *)xh_formatYueRi{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld月%02ld月",date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_formatNian{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年",date.year];}-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFenMiao{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld時%02ld分%02ld秒",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFen{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld時%02ld分",date.hour,date.minute];}-(NSString *)xh_formatFenMiao{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld分%02ld秒",date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month];}-(NSString *)xh_format_MM_dd{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld-%02ld",date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",date.year];}-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm_ss{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute];}-(NSString *)xh_format_mm_ss{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_formatWeekDay{  NSString *weekStr=nil;  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  switch (date.weekday) {    case 2:      weekStr = @"星期一";      break;    case 3:      weekStr = @"星期二";      break;    case 4:      weekStr = @"星期三";      break;    case 5:      weekStr = @"星期四";      break;    case 6:      weekStr = @"星期五";      break;    case 7:      weekStr = @"星期六";      break;    case 1:      weekStr = @"星期天";      break;    default:      break;  }  return weekStr;}

五.調用:

  self.timeString = @"2017-04-16 13:08:06";  //星期  NSString *time0 = self.timeString.xh_formatWeekDay;  //2017年04月16日  NSString *time1 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYueRi;  //2017年04月  NSString *time2 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYue;  //04月16日  NSString *time3 = self.timeString.xh_formatYueRi;  //2017年  NSString *time4 = self.timeString.xh_formatNian;  //13時08分01秒  NSString *time5 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFenMiao;  //13時08分  NSString *time6 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFen;  //08分01秒  NSString *time7 = self.timeString.xh_formatFenMiao;  //2017-04-16  NSString *time8 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd;  //2017-04  NSString *time9 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM;  //04-16  NSString *time10 = self.timeString.xh_format_MM_dd;  //2017  NSString *time11 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy;  //13:08:06  NSString *time12 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm_ss;  //13:08  NSString *time13 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm;  //08:06  NSString *time14 = self.timeString.xh_format_mm_ss;

github地址：https://github.com/CoderZhuXH/XHDate

完整項目下載地址：XHDate_jb51.rar

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