本文實例講述了Python實現備份文件的方法，是一個非常實用的技巧。分享給大家供大家參考。具體方法如下：

該實例主要實現讀取一個任務文件, 根據指定的任務參數自動備份.

任務文件的格式: (注意,分號后面注釋是不支持的)

[task] ; 一項任務開始dir=h:/Project ; 指定備份的目錄recusive=1 ; 是否遞歸子目錄suffix=h|cpp|hpp|c|user|filters|vcxproj|sln|css|gif|html|bmp|png|lib|dsw|dsp|htm|html|ico|ini|jpg|rc|vssscc ; 指定備份的擴展名exclude=0 ; 指定是備份上面的參數指定的擴展名還是排除指定的擴展名zip=Project.zip ; 備份后的文件路徑名

python代碼如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sysimport osimport zipfileclass Task: #dir str directory #bsub BOOL include subdirectory #sfx str postsuffix ,sepeated by '|' #ecld BOOL include or execlude the postsuffix sfx def __init__(self,dir,bsub,sfx,ecld,zip): self.dir = dir self.bsub = bsub self.suffix = sfx.split("|") self.exclude = ecld self.zip = zip  @staticmethod def isfilter(sfx,sfxs,bexcld): bFound = False for e in sfxs:  if e == sfx:  bFound = True  break  if bexcld:  return not bFound; else:  return bFound; class QBackup: '''備份指定目錄下具備指定擴展名的文件''' def __init__(self): self._list = []  def __del__(self): pass  #tfile 任務文件 def ReadTask(self,tfile): dir = "" bsub = False sfx = "" becld = False zip = "" try:  f = open(tfile,'r')  while True:  line = f.readline()  if len(line) == 0:   break;  line = line.strip(" ")  if "[Task]/n".lower() == line.lower():   # 讀取接下來的4行   iline = 1   while iline <= 5:   line = f.readline()   line = line.strip(" /t/n") # 去除前后的空白符    idx = line.find("=")   if -1 == idx:    break;   atti = line[0:idx]   value = line[idx+1:]   print(value)   if "dir" == atti:    dir = value   elif "recusive" == atti:    bsub = bool(int(value))   elif "suffix" == atti:    sufix = value   elif "exclude" == atti:    becld = bool(int(value))   elif "zip" == atti:    zip = value   else:    break   iline += 1   else:   t = Task(dir,bsub,sufix,becld,zip)   self._list.append(t) except:  return False return True  def DoBackup(self): for e in self._list:  try:  zip = zipfile.ZipFile(e.zip,'w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)  self.ZipDir(zip,e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude)  zip.close()  except:  print("exception raised!")  return False return True  def ZipDir(self,zip,dir,bsub,sfxs,ecld): subdir = "" path = "" if os.path.isdir(dir):  paths = os.listdir(dir)  #備份本目錄  print("ZipDir: ",dir)  for e in paths:  path = dir + "/" + e  ext = os.path.splitext(e)[1][1:]  if os.path.isfile(path) and Task.isfilter(ext,sfxs,ecld):   print ("ZipFile: ",path)   zip.write(path)  #清理子目錄  if bsub:   for e in paths:   subdir = dir + "/" + e   self.ZipDir(zip,subdir,bsub,sfxs,ecld)  def PrintTask(self): for e in self._list:  print (e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude,e.zip) if '__main__' == __name__: c = QBackup() c.ReadTask("bkup.txt") c.DoBackup()