簡(jiǎn)介

什么是Selenium？

Selenium是ThoughtWorks公司的一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的開(kāi)源Web功能測(cè)試工具系列，采用Javascript來(lái)管理整個(gè)測(cè)試過(guò)程，包括讀入測(cè)試套件、執(zhí)行測(cè)試和記錄測(cè)試結(jié)果。它采用Javascript單元測(cè)試工具JSUnit為核心，模擬真實(shí)用戶(hù)操作，包括瀏覽頁(yè)面、點(diǎn)擊鏈接、輸入文字、提交表單、觸發(fā)鼠標(biāo)事件等等，并且能夠?qū)?yè)面結(jié)果進(jìn)行種種驗(yàn)證。也就是說(shuō)，只要在測(cè)試用例中把預(yù)期的用戶(hù)行為與結(jié)果都描述出來(lái)，我們就得到了一個(gè)可以自動(dòng)化運(yùn)行的功能測(cè)試套件。（Selenium的核心是Javascript寫(xiě)的，他和瀏覽器進(jìn)行通信，把測(cè)試用例的信息發(fā)送給瀏覽器執(zhí)行，從而達(dá)到自動(dòng)化測(cè)試的目的。）

使用說(shuō)明

程序運(yùn)行開(kāi)始，需要輸入出發(fā)地，目的地，出發(fā)時(shí)間，乘客信息，車(chē)次；乘客信息和車(chē)次可以輸入多個(gè)
剛剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)爬蟲(chóng)，selenium僅僅是解放了雙手，運(yùn)行效率不是很高；
程序運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)打開(kāi)chrome瀏覽器，因?yàn)槭褂玫氖莄hrome的瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)；

相關(guān)文檔

https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html#introduction

代碼示例

# encoding: utf-8from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byimport timeclass Qiangpiao(object):  def __init__(self):    driver_path = "E:/py_pachong/chromedriver.exe"    # 瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)    self.drive = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)    # 登陸鏈接    self.login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"    # 登陸后的鏈接    self.initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"    # 查詢(xún)頁(yè)面    self.search_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"    # 乘車(chē)人頁(yè)面    self.passenger_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"  def wait_input(self):    """    主要用于頁(yè)面審核；    當(dāng)輸入出發(fā)地，目的地，乘車(chē)時(shí)間后，會(huì)自動(dòng)出發(fā)查詢(xún)submit    :return:    """    self.from_station = input("出發(fā)地：")    self.to_station = input("目的地：")    self.depart_time = input("出發(fā)時(shí)間：")    self.passengers = input("乘客姓名：").split(",")    self.trains = input("車(chē)次：").split(",")  def _login(self):    """    登陸驗(yàn)證，登陸成功后會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)到 self.initmy_url    :return:    """    self.drive.get(self.login_url)    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(      EC.url_to_be(self.initmy_url)    )    print('登錄成功')  def _order_ticket(self):    """    只實(shí)現(xiàn)了在無(wú)票的情況下去刷票    最關(guān)鍵的是等待驗(yàn)證 WebDriverWait    :return:    """    self.drive.get(self.search_url)    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "fromStationText"), self.from_station)    )    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "toStationText"), self.to_station)    )    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "train_date"), self.depart_time)    )    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 10000).until(      EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "query_ticket"))    )    searchBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("query_ticket")    searchBtn.click()    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(      EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr"))    )    # find_elements_by_xpath 返回的是一個(gè)列表    # find_element_by_xpath 返回的是一個(gè)元素    tr_list = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath(".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@datatran)]")    for tr in tr_list:      train_num = tr.find_element_by_class_name("number").text      # print(train_num)      if train_num in self.trains:        left_ticket_td = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[4]").text        num = 1        while left_ticket_td == "無(wú)":          print("暫時(shí)無(wú)票，正在刷新")          time.sleep(2)          searchBtn.click()          num += 1          print("搶票%s次" % num)          if left_ticket_td != "無(wú)":            print(train_num + "有票")            oderBtn = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[13]/a")            oderBtn.click()            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(              EC.url_to_be(self.passenger_url)            )            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li"))            )            passenger_labels = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath(              ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li/label")            for passenger_label in passenger_labels:              name = passenger_label.text              if name in self.passengers:                passenger_label.click()            submitBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id")            submitBtn.click()            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "dhtmlx_wins_body_outer"))            )            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "qr_submit_id"))            )            qr_submit = self.drive.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id")            qr_submit.click()  def run(self):    self.wait_input()    self._login()    self._order_ticket()if __name__ == '__main__':  spider = Qiangpiao()  spider.run()