簡(jiǎn)介
什么是Selenium?
Selenium是ThoughtWorks公司的一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的開(kāi)源Web功能測(cè)試工具系列,采用Javascript來(lái)管理整個(gè)測(cè)試過(guò)程,包括讀入測(cè)試套件、執(zhí)行測(cè)試和記錄測(cè)試結(jié)果。它采用Javascript單元測(cè)試工具JSUnit為核心,模擬真實(shí)用戶(hù)操作,包括瀏覽頁(yè)面、點(diǎn)擊鏈接、輸入文字、提交表單、觸發(fā)鼠標(biāo)事件等等,并且能夠?qū)?yè)面結(jié)果進(jìn)行種種驗(yàn)證。也就是說(shuō),只要在測(cè)試用例中把預(yù)期的用戶(hù)行為與結(jié)果都描述出來(lái),我們就得到了一個(gè)可以自動(dòng)化運(yùn)行的功能測(cè)試套件。(Selenium的核心是Javascript寫(xiě)的,他和瀏覽器進(jìn)行通信,把測(cè)試用例的信息發(fā)送給瀏覽器執(zhí)行,從而達(dá)到自動(dòng)化測(cè)試的目的。)
使用說(shuō)明
程序運(yùn)行開(kāi)始,需要輸入出發(fā)地,目的地,出發(fā)時(shí)間,乘客信息,車(chē)次;乘客信息和車(chē)次可以輸入多個(gè)
剛剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)爬蟲(chóng),selenium僅僅是解放了雙手,運(yùn)行效率不是很高;
程序運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)打開(kāi)chrome瀏覽器,因?yàn)槭褂玫氖莄hrome的瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng);
相關(guān)文檔
https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html#introduction
代碼示例
# encoding: utf-8from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byimport timeclass Qiangpiao(object): def __init__(self): driver_path = "E:/py_pachong/chromedriver.exe" # 瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng) self.drive = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path) # 登陸鏈接 self.login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init" # 登陸后的鏈接 self.initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306" # 查詢(xún)頁(yè)面 self.search_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init" # 乘車(chē)人頁(yè)面 self.passenger_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc" def wait_input(self): """ 主要用于頁(yè)面審核; 當(dāng)輸入出發(fā)地,目的地,乘車(chē)時(shí)間后,會(huì)自動(dòng)出發(fā)查詢(xún)submit :return: """ self.from_station = input("出發(fā)地:") self.to_station = input("目的地:") self.depart_time = input("出發(fā)時(shí)間:") self.passengers = input("乘客姓名:").split(",") self.trains = input("車(chē)次:").split(",") def _login(self): """ 登陸驗(yàn)證,登陸成功后會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)到 self.initmy_url :return: """ self.drive.get(self.login_url) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.url_to_be(self.initmy_url) ) print('登錄成功') def _order_ticket(self): """ 只實(shí)現(xiàn)了在無(wú)票的情況下去刷票 最關(guān)鍵的是等待驗(yàn)證 WebDriverWait :return: """ self.drive.get(self.search_url) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "fromStationText"), self.from_station) ) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "toStationText"), self.to_station) ) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "train_date"), self.depart_time) ) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 10000).until( EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "query_ticket")) ) searchBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("query_ticket") searchBtn.click() WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr")) ) # find_elements_by_xpath 返回的是一個(gè)列表 # find_element_by_xpath 返回的是一個(gè)元素 tr_list = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath(".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@datatran)]") for tr in tr_list: train_num = tr.find_element_by_class_name("number").text # print(train_num) if train_num in self.trains: left_ticket_td = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[4]").text num = 1 while left_ticket_td == "無(wú)": print("暫時(shí)無(wú)票,正在刷新") time.sleep(2) searchBtn.click() num += 1 print("搶票%s次" % num) if left_ticket_td != "無(wú)": print(train_num + "有票") oderBtn = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[13]/a") oderBtn.click() WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.url_to_be(self.passenger_url) ) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li")) ) passenger_labels = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath( ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li/label") for passenger_label in passenger_labels: name = passenger_label.text if name in self.passengers: passenger_label.click() submitBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id") submitBtn.click() WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "dhtmlx_wins_body_outer")) ) WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "qr_submit_id")) ) qr_submit = self.drive.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id") qr_submit.click() def run(self): self.wait_input() self._login() self._order_ticket()if __name__ == '__main__': spider = Qiangpiao() spider.run()
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