鼠標事件的事件源往往與容器相關,當鼠標進入容器、離開容器,或者在容器中單擊鼠標、拖動鼠標時都會發生鼠標事件。java語言為處理鼠標事件提供兩個接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口
MouseListener接口能處理5種鼠標事件:按下鼠標,釋放鼠標,點擊鼠標、鼠標進入、鼠標退出。相應的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠標的X坐標
(2) getY():鼠標的Y坐標
(3) getModifiers():獲取鼠標的左鍵或右鍵。
(4) getClickCount():鼠標被點擊的次數。
(5) getSource():獲取發生鼠標的事件源。
(6) addMouseListener(監視器):加放監視器。
(7) removeMouseListener(監視器):移去監視器。
要實現的MouseListener接口的方法有:
(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);
(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);
(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);
(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);
(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);
【例】小應用程序設置了一個文本區,用于記錄一系列鼠標事件。當鼠標進入小應用程序窗口時,文本區顯示“鼠標進來”;當鼠標離開 窗口時,文本區顯示“鼠標走開”;當鼠標被按下時,文本區顯示“鼠標按下”,當鼠標被雙擊時,文本區顯示“鼠標雙擊”;并顯示鼠標的坐標。程序還顯示一個紅色的圓,當點擊鼠標時,圓的半徑會不斷地變大。
import java.applet.*;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;class MyPanel extends JPanel{ public void print(int r){ Graphics g = getGraphics(); g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight()); g.setColor(Color.red); g.fillOval(10,10,r,r); }}class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{ JTextArea text; MyPanel panel; int x,y,r =10; int mouseFlg=0; static String mouseStates[]={"鼠標鍵按下","鼠標松開","鼠標進來","鼠標走開","鼠標雙擊"}; MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); this.setSize(200,300); this.setLocation(100,100); panel = new MyPanel(); con.add(panel); text = new JTextArea(10,20); text.setBackground(Color.blue); con.add(text); addMouseListener(this); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public void paint(Graphics g){ r = r+4; if(r>80){ r=10; } text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"/n"); panel.print(r); } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 0; repaint(); } public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 1; repaint(); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 2; repaint(); } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 3; repaint(); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){ if(e.getClickCount()==2){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 4; repaint(); } else{} }}public class Example6_8 extends Applet{ public void init(){ MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠標事件示意程序"); }}
任何組件上都可以發生鼠標事件:鼠標進入、鼠標退出、按下鼠標等。例如,在上述程序中添加一個按鈕,并給按鈕對象添加鼠標監視器,將上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按鈕上的所有鼠標事件。
JButton button;public void init(){ button = new JButton(“按鈕也能發生鼠標事件”); r = 10; text = new JTextArea(15,20); add(button); add(text); button.addMouseListener(this);}
如果程序希望進一步知道按下或點擊的是鼠標左鍵或右鍵,鼠標的左鍵或右鍵可用InputEvent類中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK來判定。例如,以下表達式判斷是否按下或點擊了鼠標右鍵:
e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK
MouseMotionListener接口
MouseMotionListener接口處理拖動鼠標和鼠標移動兩種事件。
注冊監視器的方法是:
addMouseMotionListener(監視器)
要實現的的接口方法有兩個:
(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)
(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)
【例】一個滾動條與顯示窗口同步變化的應用程序。窗口有一個方塊,用鼠標拖運方塊,或用鼠標點擊窗口,方塊改變顯示位置,相應水平和垂直滾動條的滑塊也會改變它們在滾動條中的位置。反之,移動滾動條的滑塊,方塊在窗口中的顯示位置也會改變。
import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;class MyWindow extends JFrame{ public MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); this.setLocation(100,100); JScrollBar xAxis = new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL,50,1,0,100); jScrollBar yAxis = new jScrollBar(JScrollBar.VERTICAL,50,1,0,100); MyListener listener = new MyListener(xAxis,yAxis,238,118); Jpanel scrolledCanvas = new JPanel(); scrolledCanvas.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); scrolledCanvas.add(listener,BorderLayout.CENTER); scrolledCanvas.add(xAix,BorderLayout.SOUTH); scrolledCanvas.add(yAix,BorderLayout.EAST); con.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.NORTH); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public Dimension getPreferredSize(){ return new Dimension(500,300); }}class MyListener extends JComponent implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,AdjustmentListener{ private int x,y; private JScrollBar xScrollBar; private JScrollBar yScrollBar; private void updateScrollBars(int x,int y){ int d; d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getSize().width)*100.0); xScrollBar.setValue(d); d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getSize().height)*100.0); yScrollBar.setValue(d); } public MyListener(JScrollBar xaxis,JScrollBar yaxis,int x0,int y0){ xScrollBar =xaxis; yScrollBar =yaxis; x = x0; y=y0; xScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this); yScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this); this.addMouseListener(this); this.addMouseMotionListener(this); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.setColor(getBackground()); Dimension size = getSize(); g.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.fillRect(x,y,50,50); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){} public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); updateScrollBars(x,y); repaint(); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); updateScrollBars(x,y); repaint(); } public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==xScrollBar) x=(int)((float)(xScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().width); else if(e.getSource()==yScrollBar) y = (int)((float)(yScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().height); repaint(); }}public class Example6_9{ public static void main(){ MyWindow myWindow = new MyWindow("滾動條示意程序"); }}
上述例子中,如果只要求通過滑動滑塊,改變內容的顯示位置,可以簡單地使用滾動面板JScrollPane。如果是這樣,關于滾動條的創建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane內部實現。參見以下修改后的MyWindow的定義:
class MyWindow extends JFrame{ public MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); this.setLocaltion(100,100); MyListener listener = new MyListener(); listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700)); JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener); this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public Dimension getPreferredSize(){ return new Dimension(400,400); }}
鼠標指針形狀也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能設置鼠標指針形狀。例如,代碼setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。
新聞熱點
疑難解答